Table 2.

Nanomaterials used to target ischemic stroke-induced oxidative stress. Adapted from Song et al. [216] and Dong et al. [219].

Nanoparticles	Drugs	Therapeutic Effect	References
PtNPs	-	Reduces superoxide generation and MMP9 activation, diminishes infarct volume	[220]
Nanoceria	- or Edaravone	Diminishes oxidative stress, scavenges ROS, reduces neuronal apoptosis, downregulates iNOS	[216,221,222,223]
Carbon nanotubes	Caspase-3 siRNA	Gene silencing of caspase-3, improved neuronal survival	[224]
Liposomes	Dexamethasone + tPA	Reduces infarct volume	[225]
	lycopene	Inhibits NOX2, reduces the levels of NO	[226]
	Vitamin C, E	Reduces oxidative stress	[227]
Polymer nanoparticles	edaravone	Free radical scavenging	[228]
	SOD	Reduces oxidative stress, diminishes infarct size	[229]
	curcumin	Reduces oxidative injury	[230]
	resveratrol	Diminishes lipid peroxidation	[231]
	N-acetylcysteine	Increases antioxidant activity	[232]
	Amino-TEMPO	Reduces oxidative injury and BBB disruption	[233]
	Quercetin	Reduces mitochondrial damage	[234]
	Heme oxygenase- 1 +/− dexamethasone	Reduces oxidative stress, diminishes ischemic brain damage	[235,236]

Abbreviations: NPs—nanoparticles;; Pt—platinum; SOD—superoxide dismutase; NOX—NADPH oxidase; NO—nitric oxide; iNOS—inducible nitric oxide synthase; ROS—reactive oxygen species; tPA—recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; MMP9—matrix metalloproteinase 9; siRNA—silencing RNA.