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. 2022 Mar 14;10(3):671. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10030671

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Representation of molecular approaches for modern studies host–microbiome interactions. Several aspects of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology—illustrating the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA to protein—can be assessed to study host–microorganism and microorganism–microorganism interactions at the molecular level in human populations (adapted after [6,18,19]). Legend: mRNA: messenger ribonucleic acids, ITS: Internal Transcribed Spacer, RT-PCR: Reverse Transcription—Polymerase Chain Reaction, MS: mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy.