Skip to main content
. 2022 Feb 24;12(3):357. doi: 10.3390/biom12030357

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Metformin and hallmarks of cancer, genes regulated directly or indirectly by metformin in thyroid prostate and head and neck cancer. Red genes: activated; blue genes: inhibited (9 modified). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase (AKT), AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase), Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Ataxia Telangiectasia And Rad3-Related Protein (ATR), Na+/I- symporter (NIS), BCL2 Associated X, Apoptosis Regulator (BAX), Bcl-2 Interacting Mediator Of Cell Death (BIM), B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 (BCL2), Binding-Immunoglobulin Protein (BIP), Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 7 Subunit (CHRNA7), C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP), cyclic AMP (cAMP), C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 (CCR1), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (CXCL8), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12), C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 15 (CC15), C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E Binding Protein 1 (4EBP1), Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 (ERK), Enhancer Of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit (EZH2), Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), Glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), H2A.Z variant histone 1 (H2AZ1), Hexokinase-2 (HK2), Hedgehog (Hh), NFκB Inhibitor Alpha (IκBακ), Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha/beta (Iκκα/β), Interleukin-6 (IL6), Interleukin -10 (IL-10), Interleukin-1 receptor alpha (IL1-Ra), Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R), Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R), Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS), JUN N-Terminal Kinase (JNK), LDL Receptor Related Protein 2 (LRP2), X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing 6 (Ku70), X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing 5 (Ku80), Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), MAPK/ERK Kinase 1 (MEK), Midline-1 (MID1), Mitochondrial GAPDH (mGPDH), Matrix Metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), Matrix Metallopeptidase (MMP9), MYC Proto-Oncogene - BHLH Transcription Factor (C-Myc), Neuronatin (NNAT), Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 protein (NBS1), RAD50 Double Strand Break Repair (Rad50), Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFκB), Tumor Protein P53 (P53), Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Pyruvate Kinase M1/2 (PKM2), Proline, Glutamate And Leucine Rich Protein 1 (PELP1), Receptor Activator Of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL), Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1), ZFP42 Zinc Finger (REX1), Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase B1 (S6K1), Ribosomal protein S6 (S6), Small heterodimer partner–interacting leucine zipper (SMILE), Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1 (SNAIL), Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor 1 (SREBP1C), Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription (STAT3), SUV39H1 Histone Lysine Methyltransferase (SUV39H), Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAHH),), Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT),), Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b), Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor (TWIST), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF),YES1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP).