Table 2.
Clinical symptoms of study participants.
| Unexposed Control (N = 14) |
Experienced Breacher (N = 15) | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Headaches, Yes, N (%) | 2 (14.3) | 2 (13.3) | χ2 = 0.006, p = 0.941 |
| Memory problem, Yes, N (%) | 4 (28.6) | 10 (66.7) | χ2 = 4.209, p = 0.040 |
| Ringing in ears, Yes, N (%) | 4 (28.6) | 10 (66.7) | χ2 = 4.209, p = 0.040 |
| Sleep problems, Yes, N (%) | 5 (35.7) | 9 (60.0) | χ2 = 1.710, p = 0.191 |
| Irritability, Yes, N (%) | 2 (14.3) | 8 (53.3) | χ2 = 4.887, p = 0.027 |
| Depression, Yes, N (%) | 3 (21.4) | 3 (20.0) | χ2 = 0.009, p = 0.924 |
| Concentration problems, Yes, N (%) | 2 (14.3) | 9 (60.0) | χ2 = 6.428, p = 0.011 |
| PCL-M, mean (SD) | 20.64 (4.48) | 26.07 (7.69) | t = −2.338, p = 0.029 |
| NSI, mean (SD) | 16.86 (5.29) | 16.80 (6.70) | t = −0.025, p = 0.980 |
| BSI subscale, mean (SD) | |||
| Somatization | 45.29 (4.41) | 49.33 (7.46) | t = −1.762, p = 0.089 |
| Depression | 45.21 (6.40) | 46.00 (7.05) | t = −0.313, p = 0.756 |
| Anxiety | 44.07 (5.81) | 44.60 (8.95) | t = −0.187, p = 0.853 |
| Global severity index | 43.50 (6.40) | 46.40 (9.15) | t = −0.986, p = 0.333 |
| ImPACT, mean (SD) | |||
| Verbal memory | 92.21 (6.33) | 92.13 (6.53) | t = 0.034, p = 0.973 |
| Visual memory | 68.00 (9.12) | 78.60 (11.06) | t = −2.804, p = 0.009 |
| Visual motor speed | 27.83 (3.25) | 27.33 (4.57) | t = 0.337, p = 0.738 |
| Reaction time | 0.57 (0.07) | 0.64 (0.10) | t = −2.213, p = 0.034 |
| Impulse control | 0.07 (0.28) | 0.33 (0.62) | t = −1.500, p = 0.150 |
| Total symptom | 4.71 (6.75) | 12.40 (17.59) | t = −1.573, p = 0.133 |
PCL-M, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Military; NSI, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory; BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory.