Table 1.
Summary comparison of AMPs and lectins. Columns describe effector molecule, protein class, example species, protein physical characteristics, mollusc proteins with antiviral activity, and references. * indicate molecules with antiviral activity. Table derived from [6,35,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48].
| Soluble Mediator |
Protein Class | Example Species | General Protein Physical Characteristics |
References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Defensins | AMPs | Molluscs | M. galloprovincialis (MGD-1 and MGD-2) | Size: 18–60aa C-Domains: 6, hydrophobic, 3–4 disulfide bridges, α-helix linked to two stranded β-sheets. |
[39,40,41,42] |
| Invertebrates | D. melanogaster (Drosomycin) | Size: 20–70aa C-Domains: 6, hydrophobic, 3–4 disulfide bridges, α-helix linked to two stranded β-sheets. |
[39] | ||
| Vertebrates | Humans (HBD-2 and HBD-3) | Size: 70–120aa C-Domains: 6, hydrophobic, 3 disulfide bridges, α-helix linked to three stranded β-sheets. |
[39,40,41] | ||
| Big Defensins | AMPs | Molluscs |
C. gigas (BigDef1-3) |
Size: 70–180aa C-Domains: 6, hydrophobic, 3 disulfide bridges, α-helix linked to two stranded β-sheets. * Additional hydrophobic N-domain. |
[6,39,40,41] |
| Invertebrates |
Tachypleus tridentatus (Big Defensin) |
Size: 70–120aa C-Domains: 6, 3 disulfide bridges, α-helix linked to two stranded β-sheets. * Additional hydrophobic N-domain. |
[6,39,41] | ||
| Vertebrates | N/A | N/A | |||
| Myticins | AMPs | Molluscs | Only Mytilus genus; M. galloprovincialis, M. edublis (myticin-C) |
Size: 30–100aa C-Domains: 8, hydrophilic, 4 disulfide bridges α-helix linked to two stranded β-sheets. |
[6,39,43] |
| Mytilins | AMPs | Molluscs | Only Mytilus genus; M. galloprovincialis, M. edublis (mytilin-B) |
Size: 30–100aa C-Domains: 8, hydrophilic, 4 disulfide bridges α-helix linked to two stranded β-sheets. |
[6,42,43,44] |
| Hemocyanin | AMPs | Molluscs | Haliotis discus discus | Size: 350–450aa C-domains: 7–8 C, hydrophobic, 3 disulfide bridges, α-helix linked to two stranded β-sheets. * Additional hydrophobic N-domain. |
[35,45,46,47,48] |
| Invertebrates | Mostly arthropods; Limulus polyphemus | Size: 350–450aa C-domains: 7–8 C, hydrophobic, 3 disulfide bridges, α-helix linked to two stranded β-sheets. * Additional hydrophobic N-domain. |
[45] | ||
| Vertebrates | N/A | N/A | |||