Table 1.
Demographics and polysomnographic findings of eligible participants.
| Total (N =43) |
Music (N = 23) |
Music with Binaural Beat (N = 20) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 34.3 ± 10.4 | 32.8 ± 9.4 | 35.9 ± 11.4 | 0.338 |
| Sex | Men: N = 10 Women: N = 32 |
Men: N = 6 Women: N = 16 |
Men: N = 4 Women: N = 16 |
0.434 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.5 ± 3.0 | 22.0 ± 2.4 | 23.0 ± 3.7 | 0.318 |
| PSQI score | 8.7 ± 2.7 | 8.7 ± 2.4 | 8.7 ± 3.0 | 0.956 |
| ESS | 9.1 ± 4.1 | 8.9 ± 3.6 | 9.3 ± 4.8 | 0.794 |
| ISI | 9.9 ± 3.1 | 10.0 ± 3.1 | 9.7 ± 3.2 | 0.721 |
| BDI | 8.1 ± 4.6 | 8.4 ± 4.8 | 7.8 ± 4.5 | 0.632 |
| STAI-S | 39.1 ± 9.2 | 37.9 ± 8.8 | 40.5 ± 9.6 | 0.364 |
| AHI, n/h | 1.6 ± 3.3 | 0.8 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 4.5 | 0.121 |
| WASO, min | 57.5 ± 61.0 | 61.8 ± 75.2 | 52.6 ± 40.3 | 0.628 |
| TST, min | 390.7 ± 71.0 | 392.1 ± 78.7 | 389.1 ± 63.0 | 0.893 |
| Sleep latency, min | 23.1 ± 24.8 | 18.2 ± 12.2 | 28.7 ± 33.5 | 0.197 |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 82.8 ± 14.2 | 83.0 ± 16.2 | 82.6 ± 11.8 | 0.917 |
| Stage 1, % | 7.4 ± 4.5 | 7.7 ± 5.1 | 7.1 ± 3.8 | 0.674 |
| Stage 2, % | 47.2 ± 8.4 | 47.7 ± 8.2 | 46.7 ± 8.9 | 0.707 |
| Stage 3, % | 15.9 ± 6.2 | 14.8 ± 5.0 | 17.1 ± 7.2 | 0.212 |
| REM, % | 17.8 ± 5.7 | 18.3 ± 5.8 | 17.2 ± 5.8 | 0.537 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. BMI, body mass index; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; ESS, Epworth sleepiness scale; ISI, insomnia severity index; BDI, beck depression inventory; STAI-S, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory—State; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; WASO, wake after sleep onset, min; TST, total sleep time; REM, rapid eye movement sleep.