Table 3.

Reported cases of intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.

n of Cases	Author, Year	Sex, Age (yrs)	Latency to Spinal Metastasis (Months)	Spinal Level	Symptoms	Systemic Metastases	Management of Spinal Metastases	Clinical Outcome	Survival (Months)
1	Ateaque et al. [25]. 2000	M, 63	132	C2-C3	Ataxia, tetraparesis	No	S	Stable	Dead at 1
2	Schijns et al. [26]. 2000	F, 70	Simultaneous	C7	Cervical-brachialgia, paraparesis	Liver	S	Improved	Alive at 13
3	Fakih et al. [27]. 2001	M, 56	0	C4	Lower extremities weakness, urinary incontinence	Brain, lung	Med, RT	Improved	Dead at 6
4		M, 60	180	T1-T2	Lower extremity weakness	Brain, lung	S, RT	Improved	Alive at 5
5		F, 68	2	T8-L2	Lower extremities weakness	No	Med, RT	Improved	Dead at 11
6		F, 57	Simultaneous	C7	Brown-Sequard syndrome	Brain, lung	Med, RT	Improved	Dead at 6
7		M, 46	2	T5	Leg weakness, urinary disfunction	Brain, lung, lymph-nodes	RT, Med	Stable	Dead at 4
8		F, 37	25	C2	Bilateral cervical-brachialgia	Lung	S	Improved	Dead at 23
9	Poggi et al. [28]. 2001	M, 37	2	T12	Dysesthesia right leg	Brain, bone, lymph-nodes	RT, Med	n.s.	n.s
10	Kaya et al. [29]. 2003	M, 43	12	L1	LBP, urinary incontinence, lower extremities weakness	n.s.	S	Improved	Dead at 6
11	Altinoz et al. [30]. 2005	M, 43	26	T6-T7	Back pain, leg weakness	Brain, lung, adrenal gland	S	Stable	Alive at 25
12	Gomez de la Riva et al. [31]. 2005	M, 69	Simultaneous	L1	Lower extremities weakness	Lung	S	Improved	Alive at 16
13	Donovan et al. [32]. 2006	F, 41	Simultaneous	C4	Brown-Sequard syndrome	Lung, bone	S, RT	Worsened	Dead at 2
14	Asadi et al. [33]. 2009	F, 51	Simultaneous	T12	Back pain, paraparesis	Brain, bone	palliative	n.s.	n.s
15	Parikh et al. [34]. 2009	M, 50	4	C5	Upper extremities paresthesiae	Brain, lymph-nodes	RT, SRS	Stable	Alive at 26
16	Petrelli et al. [35]. 2010	F, 57	Simultaneous	T12-L1	Paraparesis, paresthesia, hypoesthesia	Lung, bone, lymph-nodes	CHT, RT	Improved	Alive at 6
17	Komura et al. [36]. 2011	M, 57	60	C4	Bilateral shoulder pain, upper and lower extremities weakness	No	S	Improved	Alive at 22
18	Zakaria et al. [37]. 2012	M, 62	2	C7	Back pain, urinary incontinence, lower limb weakness	Lung, lymph-nodes	RT, S, Med	Improved	Dead at 3
19	Park et al. [38]. 2013	M, 44	6	T12	Paraparesis	Lung	RT, S	Improved	Alive at 6
20	Gao et al. [39]. 2014	M, 51	72	T4-T5	Lower extremities weakness, urinary incontinence	No	S	Improved	Alive at 3
21	Nomoto et al. [40]. 2016	M 48	5	T8-T9	Paraplegia	Lung	RT, S	n.s.	Alive at 3
22	Soga et al. [41]. 2016	M 69	3	T12	Paraplegia, urinary retention	Lung	Refused S, Med	Worsened	Dead at 3
23	Islam et al. [42]. 2016	M 62	Simultaneous	T12	Spastic paraparesis	Bone	Refused S, RT	Improved	Alive at 1
24	Weng et al. [43]. 2018	M 58	34	T12	Lower extremities numbness, paraparesis	Lung	S, RT	Improved	Alive at 6
25	Malik et al. [44]. 2018	M 75	Simultaneous	T11-T12	Lower extremity weakness	n.s.	S, RT	n.s.	n.s.
26	Strickland et al. [45]. 2018	M 50	64	C1	n.s.	Brain	S	Stable	Dead at 6.5
27		M 50	92	C5	n.s.	Brain	S, RT	Stable	Dead at 2.9
28		M 66	97	T11	n.s.	Bone	S, RT	Stable	Alive at 65
29		M 59	32	C3	n.s.	Brain	S	Stable	Alive at 65
30	Barrie et al. [46]. 2019	M 56	5	C2-C3	Left facial weakness, diplopia, left upper and lower extremity weakness	Brain, adrenal gland, lung, liver, mediastinum	RT, CHT, Med, S	Stable	Dead at 1
31	Ponzo et al. [47]. 2020	M, 78	Simultaneous	C1-C2	Cervicalgia, hemiplegia	Muscle, adrenal gland	S	Improved	Dead at 14
32	Kalimuthu et al. [48]. 2020	M, 65	6	L1-L2	LBP	No	RT	n.s.	n.s.

M: Male; F: Female; S: Surgery; RT: Radiotherapy; CHT: Chemotherapy; Med: Medical; LBP: Low Back Pain.