Table 1.
Comparison of the analytical performance of the CSPE/CNF–AuNP/Aptamer with the other aptasensors and immunosensors for the biomarkers related to SARS-CoV-2.
| Biosensor | Biomarker | Method | Linear Range | Limit of Detection | Response Time | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon electrode/Graphene oxide/SP RBD | SP (78.3 kDa) | SWV | 1–1000 ng/mL | 0.11 ng/mL | 45 min | [44] |
| CB/CSPE combined with Magnetic bead-based immunosensor | 2019-nCoV-NP (51.1 kDa) | DPV | 0.19–11.7 nM (0.01–0.6 μg/mL) |
0.15 nM (8 ng/mL) |
30 min | [11] |
| SP (78.3 kDa) | DPV | 0.04–10 μg/mL | 19 ng/mL | 30 min | ||
| Gold electrode/Aptamer combined with a labeled aptamer | 2019-nCoV-NP (51.1 kDa) | DPV | 0.00048–0.97 nM (0.025–50 ng/mL) (0.0048–0.97 nM) |
0.00016 nM (8.33 pg/mL) | 60 min | [23] |
| Pad/Aptamer | 2019-nCoV-NP (51.1 kDa) | SPR | 0.5–16 ng/mL | 1 ng/mL (20 pM) | 110 min | [21] |
| ITO/gC3N4-CdS/Chitosan-Aptamer | SARS-CoV-2-RBD (35 kDa) | PEC | 0.5–32 nM 17.5–1120 nM |
0.12 nM 4.2 ng/mL |
40 min | [18] |
| CSPE/Graphene/Spike IgG antibody | 0.25 fg/mL–1 ng/mL | 0.25 fg/mL | 5 | [12] | ||
| CSPE/CNF–AuNP/Aptamer | SARS-CoV-2-RBD (35 KDa) | EIS | 0.01–64 nM (0.35–2240 ng/mL) |
0.007 nM (0.24 ng/mL) |
40 min | This work |
SP: Spike protein; CB/CSPE: Carbon black-modified screen-printed electrode; ITO: Indium Tin Oxide electrode;g-C3N4: Graphitic carbon nitride; CdS: Cadmium sulfide; PEC: Photo electrochemical method; SPR: Surface plasmon resonance; SWV: Square-wave voltammetry; 2019-nCoV-NP: SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein; DPV: Differential pulse voltammetry.