AOAC	Association of official analytical chemists
QDs	Quantum dots
MIP	Molecularly imprinted polymer
CNPs	Carbon nanoparticles
CDs	Carbon dots
β-CD	β-cyclodextrin
IL	Ionic liquid
COFs	Covalent organic frameworks
GQDs	Graphene quantum dots
MOFs	Metal–organic frameworks
PLP	Pyridoxal phosphate
Py	Pyridoxal
MSA	Mercaptosuccinic acid
IOH-NPs	Inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles
AIE	Aggregation-induced emission
UCNPs	Upconversion particles
UCPL	Upconversion photoluminescence
SELEX	Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
EIS	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
H3R	Histamine H3 receptors
MADH	Methylamine dehydrogenase
ESIPT	Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer
TPE	Tetraphenylethenes
ACQ	Aggregation-caused quenching
FITC	Fluorescein isothiocyanate