Table 1.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients undergoing resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
| Variable | Open (N = 139); N (%) |
Minimally Invasive (N = 143); N (%) |
All Patients (N = 282); N (%) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Years; Median (IQR) | 56 (46–67) | 61 (50–69) | 59 (48–68) | 0.21 |
| Sex | 0.48 | |||
| Female | 72 (51.8) | 68 (47.6) | 140 (49.6) | |
| Male | 67 (48.2) | 75 (52.4) | 142 (50.4) | |
| Operation Performed | <0.001 | |||
| Distal pancreatectomy/RAMPS | 75 (53.9) | 109 (76.2) | 184 (65.2) | |
| Enucleation | 3 (2.2) | 9 (6.3) | 12 (4.3) | |
| Enucleation + lymphadenectomy | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Total pancreatectomy | 7 (5.0) | 1 (0.7) | 8 (2.8) | |
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 54 (38.8) | 23 (16.1) | 77 (27.3) | |
| Tumor Location | <0.001 | |||
| Body/tail | 57 (41.0) | 90 (62.9) | 147 (52.1) | |
| Head/neck | 55 (39.6) | 25 (17.5) | 80 (28.4) | |
| Overlapping/not specified | 27 (19.4) | 28 (19.6) | 55 (19.5) | |
| Functional Tumor | 8 (5.8) | 2 (1.4) | 10 (3.5) | 0.048 |
| AJCC Stage | 0.008 | |||
| I | 27 (19.4) | 53 (37.1) | 80 (28.4) | |
| II | 65 (46.8) | 58 (40.6) | 123 (43.6) | |
| III | 37 (26.6) | 26 (18.2) | 63 (22.3) | |
| Incompletely staged | 10 (7.2) | 6 (4.2) | 16 (5.7) | |
| Tumor Size, cm; Median (IQR) | 3.3 (1.7–5.3) | 2.1 (1.2–3.0) | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | <0.001 |
| Lymphovascular Invasion | 27 (19.4) | 23 (16.1) | 50 (17.7) | 0.53 |
| Nodal Status | 0.10 | |||
| pN0 | 92 (66.2) | 111 (77.6) | 203 (72.0) | |
| pN1 | 37 (26.6) | 26 (18.2) | 63 (22.3) | |
| pNx | 10 (7.2) | 6 (4.2) | 16 (5.7) | |
| Differentiation | 0.04 | |||
| Poorly | 9 (6.5) | 5 (3.5) | 14 (5.0) | |
| Well | 105 (75.5) | 125 (87.4) | 230 (81.6) | |
| Not specified | 25 (18.0) | 13 (9.1) | 38 (13.5) | |
| Tumor Grade | 0.07 | |||
| I | 77 (55.4) | 96 (67.1) | 173 (61.3) | |
| II | 28 (20.1) | 29 (20.3) | 57 (20.2) | |
| III | 9 (6.5) | 5 (3.5) | 14 (5.0) | |
| Not specified | 25 (18.0) | 13 (9.1) | 38 (13.5) | |
| Surgical Margins | 0.77 | |||
| R1 | 12 (8.6) | 10 (7.0) | 22 (7.8) | |
| R0 | 127 (91.4) | 133 (93.0) | 260 (92.2) | |
| BMI *, kg/m2; Median (IQR) | 29.5 (25.1–32.2) | 30.0 (25.1–33.6) | 29.8 (25.1–33.2) | 0.46 |
| ASA Class * | 0.87 | |||
| 1–2 | 23 (34.3) | 34 (37.0) | 57 (35.8) | |
| 3–4 | 44 (65.7) | 58 (63.0) | 102 (64.2) | |
| NSQIP-defined Comorbidities * | 0.44 | |||
| 0 | 24 (35.8) | 33 (35.9) | 57 (35.8) | |
| 1–2 | 40 (59.7) | 50 (54.3) | 90 (56.6) | |
| 3–5 | 3 (4.5) | 9 (9.8) | 12 (7.5) |
* For 159 patients with available NSQIP data (n = 92 minimally invasive, n = 67 open). Abbreviations: IQR = interquartile range; AI/AN = American Indian/Alaskan Native; RAMPS = radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy; AJCC = American Joint Commission on Cancer; BMI = body mass index; ASA= American Society of Anesthesiologists; NSQIP = National Surgical Quality Improvement Project.