DeJongh 2008.

Methods	Prospective, unblinded, randomised trial.
Participants	17 participants (mean age 57 years; 75% male) with a high probability of infection from nosocomial origin, and no suspicion of infection ofPseudomonas spp. or other temocillin‐resistant bacteria. Exclusion: age < 18 or > 75 years, weight < 50 or > 100 kg, renal insufficiency (estimated clearance < 45 mL/min), hemodialysis, estimated survival < 5 days, documentation of temocillin‐resistant organism, meningitis or other proven infection of the CNS, IgE‐mediated allergy to penicillins, severe granulocytopenia, pregnancy, participants having participated in another study < 30 days before, and marked deterioration of renal function during the study period.
Interventions	Temocillin 2 g i.v. loading dose given over 30 minutes, followed by 4 g i.v. infused at a rate of 2 mL/min vs temocillin 2 g i.v. given over 30 minutes q12h (all participants received flucloxacillin (six times 1 g/day)); mean treatment duration 8.5 to 8.8 days.
Outcomes	PK/PD breakpoints. Stability and compatibility studies. MIC with E. coli. PK analyses. Population PK. Probability of target attainment rate.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Participants were randomly assigned, but method of randomisation was not stated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not blind.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	4 participants in the intermittent i.v. group were considered clinically not evaluable; no information on their outcome is provided, and it is unclear whether they were considered failure or cure.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Reported on all pre‐specified outcomes of interest (except clinical outcomes were not specified a priori－were reported as favourable).
Other bias	Unclear risk	SC is supported by a First‐Entreprise grant awarded by the Direction Generale de la Recherche et des Technologies of the Region Wallonne; also supported by the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique Medicale and by a grant‐in‐aid from Eumedica S.A., Brussels, Belgium. SC is working under contract with Eumedica s.a., Brussels, Belgium, and RDJ and PMT are unpaid advisors to Eumedica s.a., Brussels, Belgium.