Table 1.

Several applications of graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors.

Optical Sensors	Material	Application	Ref.
Fluorescence sensing	GO	Effect of pH on fluorescence	[20]
Fluorescence sensing	GO	Fluorescence quencher	[21]
Fluorescence sensing	GO	Two-photon multi-color bio-imaging of multiple drug-resistant bacteria (MDRB)	[22]
Fluorescence sensing	GO	Fluorescence imaging	[23]
Fluorescence sensing	GO	High-sensitivity detection of miRNA in cells	[24]
Graphene-Based SERS Sensing	G	Adsorbed molecules	[25]
Graphene-Based SERS Sensing	G	Detection of biomarkers and biomolecules	[26]
Graphene-Based SERS Sensing	G	Bio-imaging, cancer diagnostics	[27]
Graphene-Based SERS Sensing	GO	Effects of pH values on SERS intensities of some aromatic molecules	[28]
Graphene-Based SERS Sensing	RGO	SERS effects of RGO with different degrees of reduction	[29]
Graphene-Based Optical Fiber Sensing	G	Biochemical sensing	[30]
Graphene-Based Optical Fiber Sensing	G	Gas sensor	[31]
Graphene-Based Optical Fiber Sensing	G	Biomolecule detector	[32]
Graphene-Based Optical Fiber Sensing	GO and RGO	Sensors for volatile organic compounds	[33]
Other Kind of Graphene-Based Optical Sensors	G	Detection of cancer cells	[34]
Other Kind of Graphene-Based Optical Sensors	RGO	Detection of cancer cells	[35]
Other Kind of Graphene-Based Optical Sensors	G and RGO	Photothermal detection (PTD)	[36]