Table 9.

Selected ongoing trials in parathyroid carcinoma (source: Clinicaltrials.gov, accessed on 24 January 2022).

Trial Number	Study Title	Study Type	Intervention	Primary Outcome	Status
NCT05022641	Evaluating Impact of Near Infrared Autofluorescence (NIRAF) Detection for Identifying parathyroid Glands During Parathyroidectomy	Randomized	Intraop parathyroid eye (PTeye®) vs. surgeon experience during parathyroidectomy	Blood calcium levels, PTH levels	Recruiting
NCT04299425	Evaluating Impact of NIRAF Detection for Identifying Parathyroid Glands During Parathyroidectomy	Randomized	Intraop parathyroid eye (PTeye®) vs. surgeon’s naked eye during parathyroidectomy	Blood calcium levels, PTH levels	Recruiting
NCT02834013 (DART)	Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients with Rare Tumors	Non-randomized, phase 2	Nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab	ORR	Recruiting
NCT04051099	Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in Thyroid/Parathyroid Surgery	Randomized	Bilateral cervical plexus block vs. general anesthesia	Postop pain scores	Recruiting
NCT04344886	Optimization and Individualization of Diagnostic Scintigraphy Protocol and Minimally Invasive Radio-guided Parathyroid Surgery	Randomized	Dual-phase SPECT/CT vs. multi-phase SPECT/CT for radio-guided parathyroidectomy	Success of surgery, in-vivo and ex-vivo sensitivity, specificity and accuracy	Recruiting
NCT05152927	Near Infrared Autofluorescence (NIRAF) Detection for Identifying Parathyroid Glands During Parathyroidectomy	Randomized	Intraop parathyroid eye (PTeye®) vs. surgeon experience during parathyroidectomy	Number of frozen sections or parathyroid aspirate to confirm parathyroid tissue	Not recruiting

Abbreviations; intraop, intraoperative; PTH, parathyroid hormone; DART, dual anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade in rare tumors; ORR, overall response rate; postop, postoperative; SPECT/CT, single-photon emission computerized tomography/computerized tomography.