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(A) Conductivity of the solution with different components. (B) Detection of the conductance of ultrapure water spiked in with BSA comparing our co-planar microelectrode and the commercial electrode. (C) Serial conductance measurements of the 6 individuals’ saliva at different time points. Abbreviations: BSA, bovine serum albumin; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. * indicates p < 0.05 compared to ultrapure water; # indicates p < 0.05 compared to the BSA.
