Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in the PE-positive and PE-negative cohorts
| CTPA or PE-encountera |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing | Overall | Negative | Positive | P-value | |
| n | 23 793 | 21 358 | 2435 | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 122 | 57.9 (17.7) | 57.6 (17.8) | 60.7 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female (code = 0) | 13 | 14 786 (62.2) | 13 441 (63.0) | 1345 (55.3) | <0.001 |
| Male (code = 1) | 8994 (37.8) | 7907 (37.0) | 1087 (44.7) | ||
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| Asian | 189 | 591 (2.5) | 531 (2.5) | 60 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Black | 6376 (27.0) | 5674 (26.8) | 702 (29.0) | ||
| Hispanic | 3486 (14.8) | 3217 (15.2) | 269 (11.1) | ||
| White | 8083 (34.2) | 7170 (33.8) | 913 (37.8) | ||
| Other | 5068 (21.5) | 4595 (21.7) | 473 (19.6) | ||
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | 2642 | 2371 (11.2) | 2112 (11.1) | 259 (11.8) | 1.000 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 2642 | 3272 (15.5) | 2950 (15.6) | 322 (14.7) | 1.000 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 2642 | 5030 (23.8) | 4507 (23.8) | 523 (23.8) | 1.000 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 2642 | 1811 (8.6) | 1612 (8.5) | 199 (9.1) | 1.000 |
| Coagulopathy, n (%) | 2642 | 378 (1.8) | 333 (1.8) | 45 (2.1) | 1.000 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 2642 | 2235 (10.6) | 2062 (10.9) | 173 (7.9) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 2642 | 3752 (17.7) | 3378 (17.8) | 374 (17.0) | 1.000 |
| History of DVT or PE, n (%) | 2642 | 1875 (8.9) | 1548 (8.2) | 327 (14.9) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 2642 | 2704 (12.8) | 2406 (12.7) | 298 (13.6) | 1.000 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2642 | 7439 (35.2) | 6634 (35.0) | 805 (36.7) | 1.000 |
| Pregnancy, n (%) | 2642 | 613 (2.9) | 568 (3.0) | 45 (2.1) | 0.466 |
| Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) | 2642 | 1364 (6.4) | 1173 (6.2) | 191 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| Rheumatological disease, n (%) | 2642 | 3904 (18.5) | 3500 (18.5) | 404 (18.4) | 1.000 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.), mean (SD) | 5031 | 90.6 (22.6) | 90.3 (22.9) | 93.1 (20.3) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 5175 | 128.7 (26.8) | 128.8 (27.1) | 127.4 (23.9) | 0.538 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 5127 | 71.2 (15.1) | 71.1 (15.3) | 72.0 (14.1) | 0.241 |
| Respiration rate (breaths per minute), mean (SD) | 5227 | 19.6 (4.4) | 19.6 (4.3) | 20.3 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation (%), mean (SD) | 7592 | 96.9 (14.8) | 96.9 (13.8) | 96.9 (21.4) | 1.000 |
| BNP (pg/mL), mean (SD) | 18 986 | 437.7 (1078.4) | 449.2 (1115.4) | 381.7 (873.6) | 1.000 |
| D-dimer (µg/mL FEU), mean (SD) | 16 248 | 2.7 (7.2) | 2.3 (7.1) | 6.5 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Troponin (ng/mL), mean (SD) | 10 375 | 0.2 (4.3) | 0.2 (4.5) | 0.3 (1.7) | 1.000 |
| PR interval length (ms), mean (SD) | 7737 | 151.5 (29.5) | 151.5 (29.3) | 151.3 (31.0) | 1.000 |
| QRS duration (ms), mean (SD) | 6402 | 89.3 (19.9) | 89.2 (20.0) | 90.0 (19.7) | 1.000 |
| QTc (ms), mean (SD) | 6402 | 450.0 (37.4) | 449.3 (36.9) | 454.8 (40.3) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac axis (degrees), mean (SD) | 6402 | 26.1 (50.0) | 26.2 (49.4) | 24.8 (54.5) | 1.000 |
| PE location, n (%) | |||||
| No PE | 0 | 21 358 (89.8) | 21 358 (100.0) | <0.001 | |
| Truncal | 126 (0.5) | 126 (5.2) | |||
| Main | 515 (2.2) | 515 (21.1) | |||
| Lobar | 692 (2.9) | 692 (28.4) | |||
| Segmental | 1102 (4.6) | 1102 (45.3) | |||
a
Unit of analysis is unique patient encounter or, by extension, unique CTPAs.
DVT, deep vein thrombosis; FEU, fibrinogen equivalent units.