Table 2.
Crude Difference in Mean Number of Contacts Referred Comparing Individuals Diagnosed With Tuberculosis (“Index Participants”) With Different Characteristics
| Index Participant Characteristica | Incentive-based | Household-based | Crude Difference in Differencesb Comparing Mean Number of Contacts per Index Participant in Incentive-based vs Household-based Contact Investigation (95% Confidence Interval)c |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | |||
| <25 | 1.12 (0.33 to 1.91) | 0.33 (–0.36 to 1.02) | 0.79 (–0.16 to 1.75) |
| 25–44 | 0.38 (–0.17 to 0.92) | 0.34 (–0.06 to 0.75) | 0.03 (–0.65 to 0.71) |
| ≥45 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female sex (vs male) | 0.61 (0.09 to 1.13) | 0.65 (0.28 to 1.02) | –0.04 (–0.68 to 0.60) |
| Vhembe District (vs Waterberg District) | 0.25 (–0.26 to 0.76) | 0.84 (0.48 to 1.2) | –0.59 (–1.22 to 0.04) |
| Living with HIV (vs not living with HIV) | –0.30 (–0.83 to 0.23) | 0.15 (–0.22 to 0.52) | –0.45 (–1.09 to 0.20) |
| Mode of transport to clinic | |||
| Private motorized | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Public motorized | 1.28 (0.19 to 2.37) | 0.33 (–0.36 to 1.02) | 0.96 (–0.34 to 2.25) |
| Nonmotorized | 0.99 (0.44 to 1.55) | –0.54 (–0.91 to –0.16) | 1.53 (0.86 to 2.20) |
| Travel time to clinic, minutes | |||
| <30 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 30–60 | 0.06 (–0.55 to 0.68) | 0.28 (–0.12 to 0.69) | –0.22 (–0.96 to 0.52) |
| >60 | 0.37 (–0.28 to 1.03) | 0.81 (0.36 to 1.27) | –0.44 (–1.24 to 0.35) |
| Employment | |||
| Regular work | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Student/Irregular work | 1.01 (0.21 to 1.81) | 0.56 (–0.04 to 1.17) | 0.45 (–0.55 to 1.45) |
| Unemployed/Retired | 0.71 (0.06 to 1.35) | 0.51 (0.03 to 1.00) | 0.20 (–0.61 to 1.00) |
| Number of tuberculosis symptomsd | |||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 1 | 0.93 (–0.17 to 2.04) | 0.43 (–0.32 to 1.17) | 0.51 (–0.83 to 1.84) |
| 2 | 0.30 (–0.73 to 1.32) | 0.67 (–0.05 to 1.40) | –0.38 (–1.63 to 0.88) |
| 3 | 0.83 (–0.19 to 1.85) | 0.72 (0.02 to 1.41) | 0.11 (–1.12 to 1.34) |
| 4 | 1.17 (0.17 to 2.17) | 0.56 (–0.12 to 1.23) | 0.61 (–0.59 to 1.81) |
| ≥5 household members (vs <5 members) | 0.85 (0.35 to 1.36) | 2.24 (1.93 to 2.55) | –1.39 (–1.98 to –0.80) |
Abbreviation: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
aAll characteristics that we considered in the model were selected using lasso penalized regression and presented in this table.
bThese differences correspond to the crude differences shown in Figure 3.
cThe 95% confidence interval is based on robust covariance matrix estimation.
dTuberculosis symptoms include self-reported cough, fever, weight loss, and/or night sweats at the time of the interview.