Table 1.

Comparison between the proposed system and different machine learning classifiers using lung, hybrid, and lesion models.

			Class Evaluation			Overall Evaluation
	Classifier	Class	Recall	Precision	$\mathbf{F}$1-$\mathit{Score}$	Overall Accuracy	Kappa
Lung Model	Random Forest [35]	Healthy/Mild	80%	$66.67$%	$72.73$%	$83.33$%	$73.98$%
		Moderate	$81.82$%	$81.82$%	$81.82$%
		Severe	$87.50$%	100%	$93.33$%
	Decision Trees [36]	Healthy/Mild	80%	$57.14$%	$66.67$%	$66.67$%	$48.8$%
		Moderate	$63.64$%	70%	$66.67$%
		Severe	$62.50$%	$71.43$%	$66.67$%
	Naive Bayes [37]	Healthy/Mild	100%	$41.67$%	$58.82$%	$54.17$%	$34.32$%
		Moderate	$9.09$%	50%	$15.38$%
		Severe	$87.50$%	70%	$77.78$%
	SVM [38]	Healthy/Mild	100%	$62.50$%	$76.92$%	$70.83$%	$56.92$%
		Moderate	$45.45$%	$83.33$%	$58.82$%
		Severe	$87.5$%	70%	$77.78$%
	KNN [39]	Healthy/Mild	60%	75%	$66.67$%	$79.17$%	$66.1$%
		Moderate	$90.91$%	$71.43$%	80%
		Severe	75%	100%	$85.71$%
	Proposed System	Healthy/Mild	100%	100%	100%	$\mathbf{95.83}$ %	$\mathbf{93.39}$ %
		Moderate	100%	$91.67$%	$95.65$%
		Severe	$87.50$%	100%	$93.33$%
Hybrid Model	Random Forest [35]	Healthy/Mild	40%	$66.67$%	50%	75%	$58.62$%
		Moderate	$90.91$%	$66.67$%	$76.92$%
		Severe	75%	100%	$85.71$%
	Decision Trees [36]	Healthy/Mild	20%	50%	$28.57$%	$62.50$%	$36.84$%
		Moderate	$81.82$%	$56.25$%	$66.67$%
		Severe	$62.50$%	$83.33$%	$71.43$%
	Naive Bayes [37]	Healthy/Mild	80%	$44.44$%	$57.14$%	$58.33$%	$39.39$%
		Moderate	$27.27$%	60%	$37.50$%
		Severe	$87.50$%	70%	$77.78$%
	SVM [38]	Healthy/Mild	80%	80%	80%	$70.83$%	$55.56$%
		Moderate	$54.55$%	$85.71$%	$66.67$%
		Severe	$87.5$%	$58.33$%	70%
	KNN [39]	Healthy/Mild	60%	$42.86$%	50%	$66.67$%	$49.2$%
		Moderate	$54.55$%	$66.67$%	60%
		Severe	$87.5$%	$87.5$%	$87.50$%
	Proposed System	Healthy/Mild	100%	100%	100%	$\mathbf{91.67}$ %	$\mathbf{86.67}$ %
		Moderate	100%	$84.62$%	$91.67$%
		Severe	75%	100%	$85.71$%
Lesion Model	Random Forest [35]	Healthy/Mild	100%	100%	100%	$87.5$%	$79.83$%
		Moderate	100%	$78.57$%	88%
		Severe	$62.5$%	100%	$76.92$%
	Decision Trees [36]	Healthy/Mild	80%	100%	$88.89$%	$79.17$%	$66.1$%
		Moderate	$90.91$%	$71.43$%	80%
		Severe	$62.5$%	$83.33$%	$71.43$%
	Naive Bayes [37]	Healthy/Mild	100%	100%	100%	$91.67$%	$87.1$%
		Moderate	$81.82$%	100%	90%
		Severe	100%	80%	$88.89$%
	SVM [38]	Healthy/Mild	80%	100%	$88.89$%	$79.17$%	$66.94$%
		Moderate	$81.82$%	75%	$78.26$%
		Severe	75%	75%	75%
	KNN [39]	Healthy/Mild	100%	100%	100%	$79.17$%	$67.48$%
		Moderate	$72.73$%	80%	$76.19$%
		Severe	75%	$66.67$%	$70.59$%
	Proposed System	Healthy/Mild	100%	100%	100%	$\mathbf{100}$ %	$\mathbf{100}$ %
		Moderate	100%	100%	100%
		Severe	100%	100%	100%