Fig 2.

Influence of reserve on the faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentration (μg/g DW) collected for (A) Female, and (B) Male elephants from eight reserves between March 2019 and January 2021. Different letters indicate significant differences between elephants of respective reserves (based on mean ranks, a = reserve with the lowest mean rank). The graph represents the minimum, 1st quartile, median, and 3rd quartile, together with both the limits (the ends of the "whiskers") beyond which values are considered anomalous. The limits were calculated as follows: Lower limit = Q1–1.5 (Q3—Q1); Upper limit = Q3 + 1.5 (Q3—Q1).