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. 2022 Mar 15;4(2):fcac040. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac040

Table 4.

Predictors of cognitive decline in atypical parkinsonism within 10 years

Variable, at baseline Clinical model Univariate Multivariable, adjusted for age and sex
Observed range HR (95% CI) P-value HR (95% CI) P-value
Age 46.1–87.6 years 1.02 (0.94–1.10) 0.724
Sex Male versus female 1.4 (0.5–3.8) 0.552
Hoehn and Yahr stage 1.5–5.0 1.0 (1.0–1.1) 0.569
Slow saccades Yes versus no 3.3 (1.1–9.8) 0.032
Olfactory function 2–12 correct 0.7 (0.5–0.9) 0.005* 0.68 (0.51–0.91) 0.009
MCI Yes versus no 0.8 (0.3–2.2) 0.642
Orthostatic blood pressure drop –27 to 61 mmHg 1.0 (1.0–1.0) 0.974
Biomarkers, at baseline Biomarker model
CSF NfL to Aβ42 ratio 0.7–10.6 1.1 (0.9–1.4) 0.294
B-leucocytes 3.5–9.9 1.38 (1.01–1.89) 0.046 1.49 (1.05–2.14) 0.026
DAT uptake, most affected putamen −5.8 to −2.1 SD 0.5 (0.2–1.1) 0.070
DAT uptake, most affected caudate −6.0 to −0.9 SD 0.6 (0.3–1.1) 0.082

Hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of developing cognitive decline (incident MCI or dementia) during the 10-year follow-up, among 31 patients with atypical parkinsonism (MSA or PSP). Eye movement saccades were assessed clinically. Olfactory function was measured by the number of correct answers on the 12-item brief smell inventory test (BSIT). In the multivariable model, adjustment was made for age and sex.

*

The variable was significant after the Benjamini–Hochberg correction for false discovery rate, with α = 0.05. B, measured in blood; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.