Table 4.
Variable, at baseline | Clinical model | Univariate | Multivariable, adjusted for age and sex | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed range | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Age | 46.1–87.6 years | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 0.724 | ||
Sex | Male versus female | 1.4 (0.5–3.8) | 0.552 | ||
Hoehn and Yahr stage | 1.5–5.0 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.569 | ||
Slow saccades | Yes versus no | 3.3 (1.1–9.8) | 0.032 | ||
Olfactory function | 2–12 correct | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.005* | 0.68 (0.51–0.91) | 0.009 |
MCI | Yes versus no | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | 0.642 | ||
Orthostatic blood pressure drop | –27 to 61 mmHg | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.974 | ||
Biomarkers, at baseline | Biomarker model | ||||
CSF NfL to Aβ42 ratio | 0.7–10.6 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.294 | ||
B-leucocytes | 3.5–9.9 | 1.38 (1.01–1.89) | 0.046 | 1.49 (1.05–2.14) | 0.026 |
DAT uptake, most affected putamen | −5.8 to −2.1 SD | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 0.070 | ||
DAT uptake, most affected caudate | −6.0 to −0.9 SD | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.082 |
Hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of developing cognitive decline (incident MCI or dementia) during the 10-year follow-up, among 31 patients with atypical parkinsonism (MSA or PSP). Eye movement saccades were assessed clinically. Olfactory function was measured by the number of correct answers on the 12-item brief smell inventory test (BSIT). In the multivariable model, adjustment was made for age and sex.
The variable was significant after the Benjamini–Hochberg correction for false discovery rate, with α = 0.05. B, measured in blood; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.