Table 2.
Association between sociodemographic factors and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.
| Depressive Symptoms | Suicidal Ideation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | PR | (95% CI) | % | PR | (95% CI) | ||
| Age (years) | 20–24 | 1261 | 11.8 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3.5 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| 25–29 | 1221 | 14.0 | 1.10 | (0.90–1.35) | 5.7 | 1.31 | (0.92–1.86) | |
| 30–34 | 1447 | 9.6 | 0.86 | (0.70–1.06) | 3.5 | 0.94 | (0.65–1.35) | |
| 35–39 | 1891 | 7.3 | 0.62 | (0.50–0.76) | 2.1 | 0.58 | (0.39–0.85) | |
| 40–44 | 2051 | 8.3 | 0.64 | (0.52–0.79) | 3.0 | 0.71 | (0.49–1.02) | |
| 45–49 | 1980 | 9.8 | 0.75 | (0.61–0.91) | 3.7 | 0.83 | (0.58–1.18) | |
| 50–54 | 2091 | 10.8 | 0.91 | (0.75–1.10) | 4.7 | 1.05 | (0.75–1.46) | |
| 55–59 | 2209 | 12.8 | 1.05 | (0.87–1.26) | 5.6 | 1.42 | (1.04–1.94) | |
| 60–64 | 2029 | 13.4 | 1.12 | (0.93–1.34) | 5.9 | 1.48 | (1.08–2.02) | |
| 65–69 | 1817 | 14.3 | 1.20 | (1.00–1.44) | 6.2 | 1.62 | (1.19–2.22) | |
| 70–74 | 1573 | 14.1 | 1.21 | (1.00–1.46) | 7.9 | 1.71 | (1.24–2.35) | |
| 75–80 | 2048 | 15.7 | 1.29 | (1.08–1.54) | 8.1 | 1.87 | (1.38–2.53) | |
| Sex | Men | 9365 | 8.4 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3.9 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Women | 12253 | 14.2 | 1.61 | (1.49–1.74) | 5.4 | 1.28 | (1.13–1.44) | |
| Education | ≥College | 8501 | 8.7 | 1.00 | (reference) | 2.4 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| High | 6224 | 11.1 | 1.34 | (1.21–1.48) | 5.0 | 1.98 | (1.67–2.35) | |
| Middle | 2212 | 13.4 | 1.59 | (1.40–1.80) | 6.7 | 2.60 | (2.12–3.19) | |
| ≤Elementary | 4681 | 18.9 | 2.27 | (2.07–2.48) | 9.5 | 3.58 | (3.05–4.20) | |
| Income quintile | Q5 (high) | 4384 | 8.8 | 1.00 | (reference) | 2.6 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Q4 | 4391 | 9.1 | 1.07 | (0.93–1.22) | 3.1 | 1.25 | (0.98–1.59) | |
| Q3 | 4344 | 10.5 | 1.27 | (1.11–1.44) | 3.7 | 1.60 | (1.27–2.01) | |
| Q2 | 4291 | 11.5 | 1.51 | (1.34–1.71) | 5.8 | 2.42 | (1.95–2.99) | |
| Q1 (low) | 4208 | 17.3 | 2.12 | (1.89–2.38) | 8.4 | 3.52 | (2.87–4.31) | |
| House owning | Yes | 14648 | 10.4 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3.8 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| No | 6970 | 13.4 | 1.36 | (1.26–1.46) | 6.3 | 1.72 | (1.54–1.93) | |
| Occupation | Non-manual | 5231 | 7.2 | 1.00 | (reference) | 2.3 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Service and sales | 2651 | 11.8 | 1.67 | (1.45–1.93) | 3.9 | 1.89 | (1.47–2.43) | |
| Manual | 5078 | 10.9 | 1.56 | (1.38–1.76) | 4.9 | 2.21 | (1.78–2.73) | |
| Outside the workforce | 8658 | 14.8 | 2.11 | (1.89–2.35) | 6.7 | 3.11 | (2.57–3.78) | |
| Residential area | Metropolitan | 9573 | 10.5 | 1.00 | (reference) | 4.4 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| City | 5632 | 11.9 | 1.18 | (1.08–1.30) | 4.6 | 1.12 | (0.97–1.30) | |
| Rural | 6413 | 12.5 | 1.34 | (1.23–1.46) | 5.2 | 1.33 | (1.16–1.52) | |
| Number of | 0 | 13625 | 10.0 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3.6 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| chronic diseases | 1 | 4797 | 13.0 | 1.30 | (1.19–1.42) | 6.2 | 1.62 | (1.41–1.86) |
| 2 | 2274 | 16.6 | 1.66 | (1.50–1.85) | 7.6 | 1.87 | (1.58–2.22) | |
| 3 | 756 | 17.7 | 1.92 | (1.65–2.24) | 9.6 | 2.59 | (2.06–3.26) | |
| 4~ | 166 | 29.1 | 2.90 | (2.28–3.69) | 17.5 | 4.82 | (3.47–6.69) | |
| Mobility | No problem | 18408 | 9.7 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3.7 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Some problems | 3063 | 24.1 | 2.41 | (2.23–2.61) | 12.0 | 3.10 | (2.74–3.50) | |
| Extreme problems | 147 | 35.6 | 4.14 | (3.39–5.06) | 27.8 | 8.08 | (6.27–10.42) | |
| Self-care | No problem | 20705 | 10.9 | 1.00 | (reference) | 4.3 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Some problems | 836 | 28.8 | 2.63 | (2.36–2.94) | 17.4 | 3.76 | (3.20–4.42) | |
| Extreme problems | 77 | 27.7 | 2.54 | (1.78–3.62) | 23.3 | 4.86 | (3.18–7.42) | |
| Usual activities | No problem | 19725 | 10.1 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3.8 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Some problems | 1774 | 28.2 | 2.67 | (2.45–2.91) | 15.6 | 3.89 | (3.42–4.42) | |
| Extreme problems | 119 | 40.3 | 3.78 | (3.02–4.74) | 30.4 | 7.56 | (5.71–10.02) | |
| Pain/discomfort | No problem | 16344 | 9.0 | 1.00 | (reference) | 3.2 | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Some problems | 4792 | 18.9 | 2.08 | (1.93–2.25) | 8.8 | 2.65 | (2.35–2.99) | |
| Extreme problems | 482 | 33.6 | 3.70 | (3.24–4.23) | 23.6 | 6.62 | (5.51–7.96) | |
Metropolitan: Seoul and Gyonggi-do. PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence intervals.