Table 5.
Explained proportion of the socioeconomic factors and physical health in the excess prevalence of depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation in those living alone.
| 20–34 Years | 35–64 Years | 65–80 Years | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | PR | (95% CI) | EF (%) | PR | (95% CI) | EF (%) | PR | (95% CI) | EF (%) |
|
Depressive
symptoms |
|||||||||
| Base (sex and age adjusted) | 1.22 | (0.92–1.62) | 1.97 | (1.69–2.29) | 1.52 | (1.31–1.75) | |||
| + SES total | 1.38 | (1.02–1.87) | −70% | 1.39 | (1.19–1.63) | 60% | 1.18 | (1.02–1.37) | 65% |
| + education level | 1.27 | (0.96–1.69) | −23% | 1.83 | (1.57–2.12) | 15% | 1.48 | (1.29–1.71) | 7% |
| + occupation | 1.32 | (1.00–1.76) | −45% | 1.94 | (1.67–2.26) | 3% | 1.52 | (1.31–1.75) | 0% |
| + household income | 1.18 | (0.89–1.56) | 21% | 1.52 | (1.30–1.77) | 46% | 1.27 | (1.10–1.47) | 47% |
| + house owning | 1.21 | (0.90–1.64) | 6% | 1.72 | (1.47–2.01) | 26% | 1.37 | (1.18–1.59) | 28% |
| + residential area | 1.23 | (0.93–1.64) | −4% | 1.96 | (1.68–2.28) | 1% | 1.49 | (1.29–1.72) | 6% |
| + Physical health | 1.18 | (0.89–1.56) | 19% | 1.60 | (1.37–1.87) | 38% | 1.45 | (1.25–1.66) | 14% |
| + SES total and physical health | 1.37 | (1.01–1.85) | −65% | 1.27 | (1.08–1.49) | 73% | 1.17 | (1.01–1.36) | 66% |
| Suicidal ideation | |||||||||
| Base (sex and age adjusted) | 1.68 | (1.10–2.57) | 3.01 | (2.44–3.73) | 1.53 | (1.21–1.93) | |||
| + SES total | 1.81 | (1.15–2.85) | −19% | 1.77 | (1.41–2.23) | 62% | 1.01 | (0.81–1.27) | 98% |
| + education level | 1.87 | (1.23–2.85) | −28% | 2.62 | (2.11–3.25) | 20% | 1.48 | (1.17–1.85) | 10% |
| + occupation | 1.85 | (1.20–2.85) | −25% | 2.85 | (2.31–3.52) | 8% | 1.51 | (1.20–1.90) | 3% |
| + household income | 1.49 | (0.98–2.28) | 28% | 2.07 | (1.66–2.59) | 47% | 1.18 | (0.94–1.48) | 67% |
| + house owning | 1.41 | (0.89–2.22) | 40% | 2.35 | (1.88–2.93) | 33% | 1.25 | (1.00–1.58) | 52% |
| + residential area | 1.71 | (1.12–2.63) | −5% | 2.98 | (2.41–3.69) | 2% | 1.50 | (1.19–1.89) | 5% |
| + Physical health | 1.62 | (1.06–2.47) | 10% | 2.17 | (1.74–2.71) | 42% | 1.40 | (1.12–1.74) | 25% |
| + SES total and physical health | 1.82 | (1.16–2.84) | −20% | 1.55 | (1.22–1.96) | 73% | 1.00 | (0.80–1.25) | 100% |
SES, socioeconomic status; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence intervals, EF, explained fraction. Physical health: number of chronic diseases and mobility, self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort by EQ-5L-3 level questionnaires. All PRs were those of living alone relative to those living with others for depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation. All were adjusted for variables listed in the corresponding row and additionally for sex and 5-year age group. EFs (%) was the proportion of excess prevalence explained by each variable or the combination of the variables, which were calculated as [(PR-1) − (PRa-1)]/(PR-1), where PR is that of the living alone from the base model and PRa is the PR of living alone in the model including the potential mediating or confounding variables in addition to the variables in the base model.