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. 2022 Mar 9;12(3):669. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12030669

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Different 2D transthoracic echocardiographic techniques used for evaluating the patients with systemic sclerosis and primary myocardial disease. Legend: Panel (A), mitral valve inflow profile by pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler, Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) for myocardial velocities. Panel (B), speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) for assessing global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle (LV GLS). Panel (C), STE for assessing left atrial (LA) longitudinal strain. Panel (D), right ventricular (RV) evaluation comprised of TDI evaluation of RV free wall systolic velocity and RV free wall longitudinal strain. Images from the personal collection of the authors.