Comparison 2. In‐utero tracheal occlusion (via minimally invasive fetoscopy) versus standard postnatal management.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Gestational age at birth	1	41	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.80 [‐3.13, ‐0.47]
2 Preterm birth before 37 weeks	1	41	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.75 [0.78, 3.92]
3 Long‐term infant survival (3 ‐ 6 months)	1	41	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	10.5 [1.48, 74.71]
4 Pulmonary hypertension	1	41	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.58 [0.36, 0.93]
5 Preterm ruptured membranes (< 37 weeks)	1	41	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.47 [0.56, 3.88]
6 Maternal infectious morbidity	1	41	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.14 [0.14, 72.92]
7 Maternal blood transfusion	1	41	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]