. 2022 Mar 16;12(3):723. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12030723

Table 2.

Targeted Raman shift for bone specimens.

Raman Shift	Characteristics	Assignment	References
430–450 cm⁻¹	very strong	ν₂ PO₄³⁻, shoulder	[15,16]
955–960 cm⁻¹ 955 cm⁻¹ 957 cm⁻¹	very strong	Extensive mineral immature bone; ν₁ PO₄³⁻, P–O phase; ν₁ PO₄³⁻, extensive HPO₄²⁻	[16]
960–965 cm⁻¹ 963 cm⁻¹	very strong	Mineral mature bone; ν₁ PO₄³⁻ tetrahedral internal mode	[16]
1023 cm⁻¹	strong	PPi (P₂O₇⁴⁻), inorganic pyrophosphate; symmetric P••O stretch modes of PO₃²⁻ moieties; ν_S PO₃ and of P–O–P bridging	[17,18,19]
1070 cm⁻¹ 1076 cm⁻¹	strong	Mineral bone B-type carbonate HAP; CO₃²⁻ (ν₁) overlap; PO₄³⁻ (ν₃) overlap	[15]