Table 1.

Results of Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify the factors associated with the risk of intubation among older persons hospitalized for COVID-19 during the first two waves in Italy.

Covariable	HR	95% CI	P
Age (per year)	0.945	0.921 - 0.969	<0.0001
Heart rate >110 bpm	3.429	1.583 - 7.429	0.0018
CPAP at admission*	2.626	1.330 - 5.186	0.0054
Fraily Index >0.13	0.806	0.342 - 1.897	0.6210
Female sex	1.037	0.536 - 2.008	0.9134
Second wave (vs first wave)	1.417	0.764 - 2.630	0.2690
Bilateral consolidations on X-ray	2.195	0.742 - 6.492	0.1554

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; bpm, beats per minute; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure. *versus no or non-invasive support.