Table 2.
Summary of some important studies used AMH for prediction of menopause.
| Author | Country | Type of study | Participants characteristics at initiation of study | Number of women reached menopause throughout the study | Average follow-up time | Assay kit | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bertone-Johnson et al. 2018 (46) | USA | Nested case-control within the prospective study (Nurses’ Health Study II) | Cases: N = 327, Age: 40.2 (2.8), BMI: 25.3 (0.3) Matched Controls: n = 327, Age: 40.2 (2.8), BMI: 25.0 (0.3) | - | 12 years | Pico AMH | Each 0.10 ng/mL (0.71 pmol/L) decrease in AMH was associated with a 14% higher risk of early menopause. |
| Broer et al. 2011 (47) | Netherlands | Follow-up study at an academic hospital | N = 257, Age: 35.5 (5.9), BMI: 24.0 (4.0) | 48 (18.7%) | 11 years | DSL and Gen-II ELISA | AMH is capable of predicting future age at menopause for a given woman |
| de Kat et al. 2016 (42) | Netherlands | Population-based cohort study (Doetinchem study) | N = 3133, Age: 40 (10), BMI: 25 (4.0) | 1882 (60.1%) | 20 years | picoAMH | There is no fixed pattern for decline rate of AMH and the difference between women with high and low age-specific AMH levels decrease as age progresses. |
| de Kat et al. 2019 (48) | Netherlands | Population-based cohort study (Doetinchem study) | N = 2434, Age: 36.1 (8.1), BMI: - | 1298 (53%) | 11.6 years | picoAMH | Knowledge of the AMH decline rate does not improve the prediction of menopause and early menopause. |
| Depmann et al. 2016 (49) | Netherlands | Population-based cohort study (Doetinchem study) | N = 216, Age: -, BMI: - | 81 (37.5%) | 14.8 years | DSL and Gen-II ELISA | AMH alone predicts age at menopause; however, its predictive value decreased with increasing age of the woman |
| Dólleman et al. 2015 (50) | Netherlands | Population-based cohort study (Doetinchem study) | N = 1163, Age: 40.8 (7), BMI: 23.8 (3.9) | - | 10 years | Gen-II ELISA | AMH has additive predictive value for prediction of age at menopause even when taking age, BMI, cycle regularity and smoking into account. |
| Finkelstein et al. 2020 (51) | USA | Prospective cohort study (Women's Health Across the Nation) | N = 1537, Age: 47.5 (2.6), BMI: 23.8 (3.9) | - | Until 12 months of amenorrhea occurred all participants | picoAMH | Using an ultrasensitive ELISA with a limit of detection of 1.85 pg/ml, is clinically useful for predictions of the time to menopause. |
| Freeman et al. 2012 (52) | USA | Population-based cohort study (Penn Ovarian Aging Study) | N = 293, Age *: 40.93 (40.6 -41.3), BMI: - | 146 (50%) | 14-year | Gen-II ELISA | The AMH decline rate of change increases the precisions of the estimation of time to menopause, when included with an AMH baseline level and age, in late reproductive-age women. |
| Freeman et al. 2012 (53) | USA | Population-based cohort study (Penn Ovarian Aging Study) | N = 401, Age *: 41.47 (41.13- 41.82), BMI *: 29.33 (28.56 -30.10) | 198 (49.4%) | 14-year | Gen-II ELISA | Among women with a baseline AMH level below 0.20 ng/mL (1.42 pmol/L), the median time to menopause was 5.99 y, in the 45- to 48-yr age group and 9.94 y in the 35- to 39-y age group. |
| Gohari et al. 2016 (54) | Iran | Population-based cohort study (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study) | N = 266, Age: 37.55 (9.61), BMI: 27.7 (4.99) | 63 (23.7%) | 6.5 years | DSL | Decline rate of AMH is specific for each woman and could predict age at menopause. |
| Kim et al. 2017 (9) | USA | Population based cohort study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study) | N = 426, Age: 43 (39-45), BMI: 28 (24-34) | 55 (13%) | 5 years | Pico AMH | The majority of women aged 45-49 with AMH values <0.02 ng/dl underwent menopause within 5 years. |
| La Marca et al. 2013 (55) | Italy | Cross-sectional study | N = 375, Age: 35.3 (0.2), BMI: 23.2 (4.2) | - | - | Gen-II ELISA | There were the good level of conformity between the distributions of observed and AMH-predicted ages at menopause. Using BMI and smoking status as additional variables improves AMH based prediction of age at menopause. |
| Nair et al. 2015 (56) | USA | Population based cohort study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study) | N = 716, Age: 42, BMI: 27.8 | 207 (29%) | 9 years | Pico AMH | AMH appears identified women at risk of menopause in the near future, within 3 years of AMH measurement. The risk of menopause was over 6-fold higher for a 0.5 ng/dL (3.57 pmol/L) decrement in AMH. |
| Ramezani Tehrani et al. 2009 (57) | Iran | Population-based cohort study (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study) | N = 147, Age: 44.8 (2.6), BMI: 28.9 (4.6) | 60 (40.8%) | 6 years | DSL | Single AMH measurement is a good predictor for the onset of menopause. Of every 10 women who are naturally fertile, aged 40 to 50 years with a normal menstrual cycle at the time of the test, will not reach menopause status within the next 6 years if the AMH level is greater than 0.39 ng/mL (2.78 pmol/L). |
| Ramezani Tehran et al. 2020 (58) | Iran | Population-based cohort study (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study) | N = 959, Age: 36 (7.1), BMI: 27 (4.7) | 529 (55.2%) | 14 years | Gen-II ELISA | Prediction of age at menopause could be improved by multiple AMH measurements. On average for the same amount of age-specific AMH, the predicted age at menopause for those with the highest AMH decline rate (95th percentiles) was about one decade lower than those with the lowest (5th percentiles). |
| Ramezani Tehran et al. 2011 (59) | Iran | Population-based cohort study (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study) | N = 266, Age: 37.6 (9.6), BMI: 27.7 (5.0) | 63 (23.7%) | 6 years | DSL | Ages at menopause for different levels of serum AMH concentration among women aged 20 to 49 years has been presented. |
| Ramezani Tehran et al. 2013 (60) | Iran | Population-based cohort study (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study) | N = 1015, Age: 36.7 (7.5), BMI: 27.1 (4.7) | 277 (27.3%) | 10 years | Gen-II ELISA | Average age at menopause for individual women aged 20 to 49 years for various amount of AMH is presented. |
| van Disseldorp et al. 2008 (61) | Netherlands | Nested cross-sectional study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study) | N = 144, Age: 37.9 (5.5), BMI: 24.2 (3.8) | - | - | DSL | There was good conformity between the observed distribution of age at menopause and that predicted from declining AMH levels |
| van Rooij et al. 2004 (38) | Netherlands | Prospective cohort study | N = 81, Age: -, BMI: - | - | 4 years | Pico AMH | AMH, had the high predictive accuracy for occurrence of cycle irregularity and could predictor for the occurrence of menopausal transition within 3 to 5 years |