Table 2.

Demographic and media variables significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy

Demographic variables	Hesitancy N = 241 (%)b	No hesitancy N = 809 (%)b	Chi-square test adjusted p valuec	Media & vaccine information sources variables	Hesitancy N = 241 (%)b		No hesitancy N = 809 (%)b		Chi-square test adjusted p valuec
Gendera			.002	Social Media Platform	Use	Do not use	Use	Do not use
Female	168 (69.7%)	462 (57.1%)		Twitter	115 (47.7%)	126 (52.3%)	525 (64.9%)	284 (35.1%)	< .001
Male	68 (28.2%)	333 (41.2%)		Facebook	168 (69.7%)	73 (30.3%)	644 (79.6%)	165 (20.4%)	0.003
Other	5 (2.1%)	14 (1.7%)		Snapchat	118(49.0%)	123(51.0%)	463(57.2%)	346(42.8%)	0.039d
Agea			< .001	WhatsApp	76 (31.5%)	165 (68.5%)	376 (46.5%)	433 (53.5%)	< .001
18–24	92 (38.2%)	187 (23.1%)		LinkedIn	59 (24.5%)	182 (75.5%)	346 (42.8%)	463 (57.2%)	< .001
25–34	63 (26.1%)	219 (27.1%)		Reddit	40 (16.6%)	201 (83.4%)	243 (30%)	566 (70%)	< .001
35–44	35 (14.5%)	204 (25.0%)		Nextdoor	12 (5%)	229 (95%)	155 (19.2%)	654 (80.8%)	< .001
45–54	25 (10.4%)	79 (9.8%)		Vaccine Information Source Non Trusted	Use	Do not use	Use	Do not use
55–64	13 (5.4%)	66 (8.2%)
65 or older	13 (5.4%)	54 (6.7%)		Friends	64 (26.6%)	177 (73.4%)	322 (39.8%)	487 (60.2%)	< .001
Race and ethnicitya			< .001	Family	106 (44.0%)	135 (56.0%)	427 (52.8%)	382 (47.2%)	0.029d
African-American	126 (52.3%)	266 (32.9%)		Social Media	104 (43.2%)	137 (56.8%)	248 (30.7%)	561 (69.3%)	< .001
Asian	5 (2.1%)	58 (7.2%)		Major News Networks	66 (27.4%)	175 (72.6%)	308 (38.1%)	501 (61.9%)	.005
White	43 (17.8%)	285 (35.2%)		Other Website	25 (10.4%)	216 (89.6%)	40 (4.9%)	769 (95.1%)	0.005
Hispanic	62 (25.7%)	189 (23.4%)		Vaccine Information Source Trusted	Use	Do not use	Use	Do not use
Other/unknown	5 (2.1%)	11 (1.4%)
Religion			< .001	Health Care Provider	92 (38.2%)	149 (61.8%)	422 (52.2%)	387 (47.8%)	< .001
Agnostic	3 (1.2%)	25 (3.1%)		City of Philadelphia	29 (12%)	212 (88%)	247 (30.5%)	562 (69.5%)	< .001
Atheist	3 (1.2%)	27 (3.3%)		CDC Website	51 (21.2%)	190 (78.8%)	274 (33.9%)	535 (66.1%)	< .001
Buddhist	0 (0%)	17 (2.1%)		Use Social Media for Reading News
Catholic	34 (14.1%)	144 (17.8%)			Hesitancy n = 241 (%)		No Hesitancy n = 809 (%)		< .001
Christian	97 (40.2%)	347 (42.9%)		Always	49 (20.3%)		277 (34.2%)
Hindu	1 (0.4%)	5 (0.6%)		Sometimes	116 (48.1%)		373 (46.1%)
Jewish	0 (0%)	29 (3.6%)		Rarely/Never	76 (31.5%)		159 (19.7%)
Muslim	24 (10.0%)	45 (5.6%)		Use Social Media for Sharing New Ideas
None	57 (23.7%)	123 (15.2%)							< .001
Other	22 (9.1%)	47 (5.8%)		Always	47(19.5%)		270(33.4%)
Relationship status			< .001	Sometimes	112(46.5%)		334(41.3%)
Divorced	10 (4.1%)	33 (4.1%)		Rarely/never	82(34.0%)		205(25.3%)
Married	41 (17.0%)	316 (39.1%)
Never married/living with someone	42 (17.4%)	116 (14.3%)
Never married/single	130 (53.9%)	308 (38.1%)
Separated	13 (5.4%)	24 (3.0%)
Widowed	5 (2.1%)	12 (1.5%)
Education			< .001
High school graduate/trade school/GED	131 (54.4%)	248 (30.6%)
College degree	93 (38.6%)	376 (46.5%)
Master’s degree or above	17 (7.0%)	185 (22.9%)
Political affiliation
Democrat	100 (41.5%)	422 (52.2%)	< .001
Republican	35 (14.5%)	195 (24.1%)
Independent	51 (21.2%)	121 (15.0%)
Unaffiliated	38 (15.8%)	51 (6.3%)
Other	17 (7.1%)	20 (2.5%)

This table displays the demographic and media variables significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy

The survey was administered between May and July, 2021 (N = 1050)

^aThe percentages of Gender, Age, Race and Ethnicity were collected based on quotas similar to the demographic make up of Philadelphia residents as stated in the Methods section

^bSome percentages do not sum up to 100 because of rounding

^cBased on Benjamin-Hochberg procedure, with adjusted p value < .01 considered significant

^dVariables are significant at adjusted p value < .05