Table 2.
Surgical and pathological outcomes of the study cohort.
| Characteristics | Value |
|---|---|
| Type of surgery | |
| Laparoscopic surgery | 130 (48.1) |
| Open surgery | 140 (51.9) |
| Adrenalectomy (n/%) | 123 (45.6) |
| Segmental resection of IVC (n/%) | 45 (16.7) |
| Resection of metastatic tumor (n/%) | 4 (1.5) |
| Operative time (min), median (IQR) | 320 (240-404) |
| Blood loss (ml), median (IQR) | 700 (200-1800) |
| Blood transfusion (n/%) 1133llchmu109f | 136 (50.4) |
| Packed RBC transfusion (ml), median (IQR) | 1200 (800-2000) |
| FFP transfusion (ml), median (IQR) | 600 (400-800) |
| Postoperative SCR | 98 (79-116) |
| Complications (n/%) | 88 (32.6) |
| Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events | 2 (0.7) |
| Pneumonia or pleural effusion | 10 (3.7) |
| Kidney insufficiency | 10 (3.7) |
| Abdominal cavity infection | 4 (1.5) |
| Incision infection | 2 (0.7) |
| Deep venous thrombus | 23 (8.5) |
| Anemia | 22 (8.1) |
| Bowel obstruction | 16 (5.9) |
| Lymphatic fistula | 9 (3.3) |
| Death | 4 (1.5) |
| Clavien grade of complications (n/%) | |
| I | 6 (2.2) |
| II | 51 (18.9) |
| III | 0 |
| IV | 11 (4.1) |
| V | 4 (1.5) |
| Postoperative hospital stay (d), median (IQR) | 9 (6-12) |
| Histology (n/%) | |
| Clear cell RCC | 225 (83.3) |
| Papillary type RCC | 30 (11.1) |
| Chromophobe RCC | 2 (0.7) |
| Unclassified RCC | 7 (2.6) |
| Squamous RCC | 1 (0.4) |
| TFE-3 translocation RCC | 5 (1.9) |
| T stage | |
| pT3a | 50 (8.5) |
| pT3b | 124 (45.9) |
| pT3c | 80 (29.6) |
| pT4 | 16 (5.9) |
| Lymph node metastasis | 93 (34.4) |
| Perinephric fat invasion | 73 (27.0) |
| Involving the venous wall (n/%) | 58 (21.5) |
| Sarcomatoid differentiation | 30 (11.1) |
| Fuhrman grade (n/%) | |
| 1 | 5 (1.8) |
| 2 | 98 (36.3) |
| 3 | 113 (41.9) |
| 4 | 54 (20.0) |
| Adjuvant therapy | 155 (57.4%) |
RCC: renal cell carcinoma; IVT: inferior vena cava; RBC: red blood cells; FFP: fresh frozen plasma; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; IQR: interquartile range; SCR: serum creatinine.