Table 1.
Studies testing the association between parent and child attention to threat
| Study(author last name, et al., year) | Youth N Gender (% female) | Youth Age M (SD, range) | Target Population | Youth Anxiety Symptom Measure | Youth Threat Bias Measure | Parent N Gender (% female) | Parent Psychopathology | Parent Threat Bias Measure | Link Parent–Child Bias | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mogg et al. (2012) | 57 (100) | 11.7 (not reported, 9–14) | Daughters of mothers diagnosed with panic disorder | STAI-C | Visual Probe Task with threat vs neutral words and pictures | 57(100) | Panic disorder | Visual Probe Task with threat vs neutral words and pictures | -.16 < r < .16 | > .2 |
| Waters et al. (2015)* | 67 (61) | 9.4 (1.4, not reported) in low risk and 9.3 (1.6, not reported) in high-risk groups | Children at high versus low risk (based on the maternal diagnoses of emotional disorder) |
ADIS-C-IV Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (parent and child report) |
Visual Probe Task with threat (angry) versus neutral faces | 67(100) | Depression and anxiety diagnosis (versus no diagnosis) | Visual Probe Task with threat (angry) vs neutral face pairs | -29 < r < .19* | > .1 |
| Waters et al. (2018) | 43 (58) | 9.7 (1.3, 7–12) | Children at high versus low risk (based on the maternal diagnoses of emotional disorder) | ADIS-C-IV | Visual Probe Task with threat (angry) versus neutral faces | 43 (100) | Depression and anxiety diagnosis (versus no diagnosis) | Visual Probe Task with threat (angry) vs neutral face pairs | -.14 ≤ r ≤ .00 | > .05 |
| Aktar et al. (2019) | 89 (52.8) | 7.5 (0.1, not reported) | Unselected | ADIS-P-IV, SCARED‐P | Visual Probe and Visual Search Tasks with threat (angry) versus happy faces | 198 (50) | GAD and SAD symptoms | Visual Probe and Visual Search Tasks with threat (angry) versus happy faces | −.14 ≤ r ≤ .16 | > .05 |
M = Mean, SD = standard deviation, r: correlation, b: unstandardized estimate, SE: Standard Error
*The correlation between negative attention bias of parents and children was not separately reported in this study. The range of reported correlations includes the link between negative attention bias scores of parents and children, and symptom measures of depression and anxiety