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. 2022 Mar 24;12:5067. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09199-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bar graph showing the median urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), NGAL/Creatinine and urine microalbumin values in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (grey) and control (white) newborns. Error bars represent the upper and lower quartiles. Paired blood/urine samples were available in 75 IUGR and 66 control newborns. Urine samples alone were available in 6 IUGR and 12 control infants. *Statistically significant (P < 0.05).