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. 2022 Mar 24;8:40. doi: 10.1038/s41523-022-00402-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a Representative western blot results showing the effects of SFN at different concentrations (7.5, 15, and 30 μM) on TGF-β1-induced MEK and ERK phosphorylation. b, c Statistical assay showing the effects of SFN at different concentrations (7.5, 15, and 30 μM) on MEK and ERK phosphorylation, respectively. Data shown are mean ± SEM. n = 3, ^∗P < 0.05 vs Control; ^#P < 0.05 vs TGF-β1. d–f Molecular docking showing that SFN directly binds to RAF family kinases, including ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF through H-bond. The dotted lines and the corresponding values present the H-bonds and their distances. pERK phosphorylated ERK, tERK total ERK, pMEK phosphorylated MEK, tMEK total MEK.