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. 2022 Feb 22;13:795315. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.795315

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Copyright © 2022 Zizzo, Tamburello, Castelnovo, Laria, Mumoli, Faggioli, Stefani and Mazzone

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Defining therapeutic windows for IL-6 inhibitors and other biologics in COVID-19. In the light of baseline characteristics of previous successful and unsuccessful trials, univariate and multivariate analyses, meta-analyses, and studies on the predictivity of IL-6 and other biomarkers, we set thresholds and ranges for some major respiratory and laboratory parameters in the attempt to frame specific windows of opportunity for tocilizumab and other agents in the immunotherapy of COVID-19. Created with Biorender.com.