Table 2. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes for Hospitalizations of Adults With a Major Amputation in Early-Adopter and Nonadopter States Before and After Medicaid Expansiona.
| Characteristics | No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early-adopter states | Nonadopter states | |||
| Pre-ACA (n = 3445) | Post-ACA (n = 6490) | Pre-ACA (n = 3125) | Post-ACA (n = 6097) | |
| Age, y | ||||
| 20-34 | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% |
| 35-49 | 776 (22.5) | 1375 (21.2) | 681 (21.8) | 1327 (21.8) |
| 50-64 | 2600 (75.5) | 4980 (76.7) | 2371 (75.9) | 4630 (75.9) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 2440 (70.8) | 4678 (72.1) | 2140 (68.5) | 4087 (67.0) |
| Female | 1005 (29.2) | 1812 (27.9) | 985 (31.5) | 2010 (33.0) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| African American | 819 (23.8) | 1428 (22.0) | 1365 (43.7) | 2717 (44.6) |
| Hispanic | 452 (13.1) | 833 (12.8) | 186 (6.0) | 337 (5.5) |
| White | 1910 (55.4) | 3728 (57.4) | 1490 (47.7) | 2868 (47.0) |
| Otherb | 264 (7.7) | 501 (7.7) | <5% | <5% |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Medicaid | 853 (24.8) | 1993 (30.7) | 708 (22.7) | 1343 (22.0) |
| Medicare | 1413 (41.0) | 2627 (40.5) | 1432 (45.8) | 2849 (46.7) |
| Other | <5% | <5% | <5% | <5% |
| Private | 830 (24.1) | 1570 (24.2) | 614 (19.6) | 1244 (20.4) |
| Uninsured | 240 (7.0) | <5% | 269 (8.6) | 435 (7.1) |
| Area of residency | ||||
| Not urban | 215 (6.2) | 370 (5.7) | 367 (11.7) | 637 (10.4) |
| Urban | 3230 (93.8) | 6120 (94.3) | 2758 (88.3) | 5460 (89.6) |
| Medical comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 2325 (67.5) | 4359 (67.2) | 2313 (74.0) | 4450 (73.0) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 1989 (57.7) | 3590 (55.3) | 1667 (53.3) | 3261 (53.5) |
| Congestive heart failure | 622 (18.1) | 1199 (18.5) | 589 (18.8) | 1154 (18.9) |
| Chronic lung disease | 363 (10.5) | 701 (10.8) | 343 (11.0) | 648 (10.6) |
| Kidney failure | 1392 (40.4) | 2598 (40.0) | 1384 (44.3) | 2614 (42.9) |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Length of stay, mean (SD), d | 13.71 (12.63) | 13.98 (13.85) | 12.85 (11.90) | 12.88 (11.49) |
Abbreviation: ACA, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
a
Cells with small numbers are presented as less than 5% per the requirements for publishing Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data.
b
Other includes Asian or Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and other.