TABLE 3.
Clinical performance of the biomarker combinations showing 90% specificity/sensitivity in the multivariate analysis, with and without age and gender, for all‐ and early‐stage HCC
| All‐stage HCC (n = 308) vs controls (n = 734)* | Early‐stage HCC (n = 125) vs controls (n = 734)* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC, % | Sensitivity at 90% specificity, % | Specificity at 90% sensitivity, % | AUC, % | Sensitivity at 90% specificity, % | Specificity at 90% sensitivity, % | |
| Biomarker Combination Without Age and Gender (Sex) | ||||||
| AFP+PIVKA‐II+MMP3 | 94.4 | 83.8 | 84.7 | 89.1 | 65.6 | 72.9 |
| AFP+PIVKA‐II+IGFBP3 | 94.3 | 85.4 | 85.8 | 88.5 | 68.0 | 74.3 |
| AFP+PVKA‐II+COMP | 94.4 | 84.1 | 85.6 | 89.0 | 67.2 | 74.1 |
| GALAD (cobas e 601 by Roche) | 94.1 | 84.4 | 82.3 | 88.1 | 68.0 | 69.1 |
| GALAD (Fujifilm Micro Total Analysis System WakoTM) | 94.5 | 81.8 | 84.4 | 89.8 | 64.8 | 77.1 |
| Biomarker Combination With Age and Gender (Sex) | ||||||
| AFP+PIVKA‐II+MMP3 | 95.3 | 84.4 | 85.9 | 90.7 | 67.2 | 75.1 |
| AFP+PIVKA‐II+IGFBP3 | 95.3 | 87.0 | 85.8 | 90.6 | 71.2 | 77.4 |
| AFP+PVKA‐II+COMP | 95.4 | 85.7 | 85.5 | 90.9 | 72.8 | 80.2 |
| GALAD (cobas e 601 by Roche) | 95.2 | 86.0 | 84.1 | 90.5 | 71.2 | 77.7 |
| GALAD (Fujifilm Micro Total Analysis System WakoTM) | 94.5 | 81.8 | 84.4 | 89.8 | 64.8 | 77.1 |
AFP, alpha‐fetoprotein; AFP‐L3, Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of AFP; AUC, area under the curve; COMP, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; GALAD, Gender, age, AFP‐L3, AFP, and PIVKA‐II; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HE4, epididymal protein 4; IGFBP3, Insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3; IL6, interleukin 6; MMP3, matrix metalloproteinase‐3; PIVKA‐II, protein induced by vitamin k absence‐II.
*Samples with missing measurements were excluded from the multivariate analysis.