Scheme 1.

Illustration of the multipoint costriking nanodevice (GV‐Lipo/SF/DT) eliminates primary tumor and associated‐CTCs for enhancing metastasis inhibition and therapeutic effect on HCC. a) Composition of the GV‐Lipo/SF/DT. GV‐Lipo/SF/DT were developed by coloading SF and DT into liposomes, and modifying anti‐GPC3 mAb and anti‐VCAM1 mAb on the surface of the coloaded liposomes; b) GV‐Lipo/SF/DT eliminates primary tumor cells through increased tumor cell recognition and uptake via GPC3 and/or VCAM1 targeting, kills primary tumor cells by SF, reduces CTC production and improves the therapeutic effect on HCC. GV‐Lipo/SF/DT eliminates associated‐CTCs in the bloodstream by specific targeting that led to recognition and capture of associated‐CTCs via GPC3 and/or VCAM1 targeting, dissociation of CTC clusters using DT, prevention CTC–neutrophil cluster formation by the anti‐VCAM1 mAb and elimination of CTCs by SF.