Hepatic overexpression of Sdhaf4 attenuates benefits of ADF mice on insulin sensitivity. a) Representative scheme of ADF and adenovirus intervention study. b) Glucose tolerance test and c) insulin tolerance test in mice under regular feeding, or ADF, or ADF with adenovirus intervention, n = 6 for feeding and ADF groups, n = 12 for ADF+AdNC and ADF+AdSdhaf4 groups. d) mRNA levels of Sdha, Sdhb, Shdc, Sdhd, Sdhaf1, Sdhaf2, Sdhaf3, and Sdhaf4 in livers of ADF mice with AdNC and AdSdhaf4 intervention, n = 6. e) Relative mitochondrial complex II activity in livers of ADF mice with AdNC and AdSdhaf4 intervention, n = 6. f) Coimmunoprecipitation of SDHAF4 with SDHA/SDHB, g) SDHA with SDHB/SDHAF4, h) SDHB with SDHA/SDHAF4 from the lysates of ADF mice liver after AdNC and AdSdhaf4 intervention, n = 3. i) mRNA levels of Slc7a1, Asl, Ass1, Nos1, Nos2, and Nos3 in livers of ADF mice with AdNC and AdSdhaf4 intervention, n = 6. j) Relative serum NO level of ADF mice with AdNC and AdSdhaf4 intervention, n = 9. k–n) Immunoblots analysis of p‐Akt level in liver, muscle, and iWAT of ADF mice after AdNC or AdSdhaf4 intervention with or without insulin challenge, n = 6. Values are mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.