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. 2022 Mar 16;22(6):2296. doi: 10.3390/s22062296

Figure 14.

Figure 14

Figure 14

Damaged concrete beam with surface mounted PZT sensors: (a) Schematic 3D model; (b) FE model; (c) Response spectrum obtained from wave propagation measurements in the actuator–receiver mode; (d) Comparison of received signal between the damaged and undamaged concrete beam with the applied actuation signal.