Table 1.
Frequency of co-infection according to the explored cohort (Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE); Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA); Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD)).
| Type of Cohort | Geographical Area | No of Patients Explored | Frequency of Co-Infection | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tick bitten people | Europe | 495 | 1.0% | [16,17,18,19] |
| Patients with LB suspicion | Europe | 214 | 0.9% | [20] |
| Patient with LB | Europe | 24 | 4.2% | [21] |
| Patients with EM | Europe & US | 1309 | 5.9% | [10,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30] |
| Neuroborreliosis suspicions | Europe | 1333 | 2.7% | [31,32,33,34,35] |
| Lyme arthritis suspicions | Europe | 146 | 0.7% | [36] |
| TBE patients | Europe | 805 | 41.6% | [14,37,38] |
| Patients with post-tick bite fever | Europe & US & China | 416 | 4.3% | [39,40,41,42] |
| Patients with Babesiosis | US | 41 | 22.0% | [32] |
| Patients with BMD | US | 51 | 11.7% | [15] |
| Patients with HGA or HGA suspicion | US & Europe | 496 | 9.7% | [9,11,43,44] |