Table 3.
Comparison of attributable disease burden and economic costs (base case estimates, 2010 USD) in the US, EU and Canada with 2010 population estimates.
| USA | EU | Canada | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure-Response Relationship | Disease Burden | Economic Costs (USD) | Disease Burden | Economic Costs (USD) | Disease Burden | Economic Costs (USD) |
| Neurodevelopmental deficits | ||||||
| PBDE and IQ points loss and intellectual disability | 11 million IQ points lost; 43,000 ID cases | $266 billion | 873,000 IQ points lost; 3290 ID cases | $12.6 billion | 374,000 IQ points lost; 1610 ID cases | $7.2 billion (IQ); $2.2 billion (ID) |
| OP and IQ points loss and intellectual disability | 1.8 million IQ points lost; 7500 ID cases | $44.7 billion | 13 million IQ points lost; 59,300 ID cases | $194.0 billion | 153,000 IQ points lost; 377 ID cases | $3.0 billion (IQ); $507 million (ID) |
| Multiple exposures and ADHD | 4400 cases | $698.0 million | 19,400–31,200 cases | $2.3 billion | 180 cases | $28.5 million |
| Multiple exposures and autism | 787 cases in boys, 754 cases in girls | $1.0 billion in boys, $984.0 million in girls | 316 cases | $265.1 million | 118 cases in boys, 28 cases in girls | $154.2 million for boys, $36.6 million for girls |
| Metabolic disorders | ||||||
| DDE and childhood obesity | 857 cases | $29.6 million | 1555 cases | $32.7 million | 114 cases | $2.1 million |
| DDE and adult diabetes | 24,900 cases | $1.8 billion | 28,200 cases | $1.1 billion | 3270 cases | $315.4 million |
| DEHP and adult obesity | 5900 cases | $1.7 billion | 53,900 cases | $20.8 billion | 2093 cases | $560.9 million |
| DEHP and adult diabetes | 1300 cases | $91.4 million | 20,500 cases | $807.2 million | 225 cases | $21.2 million |
| BPA and childhood obesity | 33,000 cases | $2.4 billion | 42,400 cases | $2.0 billion | 1023 cases | $48.3 million |
| Male reproductive disorders | ||||||
| PBDE and testicular cancer | 3600 cases | $81.5 million | 6830 cases | $1.1 billion | 316 cases | $6.0 million |
| PBDE and cryptorchidism | 4300 cases | $35.7 million | 4615 cases | $172.6 million | 567 cases | $ 4.8 million |
| Phthalates and male infertility resulting in increased assisted reproductive technology | 240,100 cases | $2.5 billion | 618,000 cases | $6.3 billion | 1395 cases | $13.9 million |
| Phthalates and low testosterone resulting in increased early mortality | 10,700 attributable deaths | $8.8 billion | 24,800 attributable deaths | $10.6 billion | 3385 attributable deaths | $1.5 billion |
| Female reproductive disorders | ||||||
| DDE and fibroids | 37,000 cases | $259.0 million | 56,700 cases | $216.8 million | 2254 cases | $3.5 million |
| DEHP and endometriosis | 86,000 cases | $47.0 billion | 145,000 cases | $1.7 billion | 10,151 cases | $4.6 billion |
Exchange rate €1 = $1.33 USD; $1 USD = $1.221 CAD via PPP. Data for population estimates obtained from World Bank [25].