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. 2022 Mar 20;22(6):2390. doi: 10.3390/s22062390
BS Base Station
CSI Channel State Information
GA Genetic Algorithm
I-CSI Instantaneous CSI
IRS Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces
LoS Line-of-Sight
NLoS Non-LoS
MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
MISO Multiple-Input Single-Output
mMIMO massive MIMO
MRC Maximum Ratio Combining
PSO Particle Swarm Optimization
S-CSI Statistical CSI
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ration
UE User Equipment
ULA Uniform Linear Array
UPA Uniform Planar Array
β0,β1 Constant path loss factors.
βc Pathloss of the BS-UE link
βd Pathloss of the BS-IRS-UE link
θ Phase shift vector at the IRS
θ¯ Phase shift vector at the IRS considering only S-CSI
(θIRS,θBS) Elevation angles
κ Rician factor for all links
λ Wavelength
ξ Amplitude reflection coefficient
σ Power noise
τ Estimation accuracy
ϕbi Random phase in the LoS components of the BS-IRS link
ϕbu Random phase in the LoS components of the BS-UE link
ϕiu Random phase in the LoS components of the IRS-UE link
φIRS Azimuth angle
B Number of bits per each element at the IRS
dbi BS-IRS link distance
dBS Distance among the BS elements
dbu BS-UE link distance
dIRS Distance among the IRS elements
diu IRS-UE link distance
E Estimation error
Gr Antenna gain at the UE
Gt Antenna gain at the BS
hbu BS-UE channel vector
hbuLoS Deterministic LoS components of the BS-UE link
hbuNLoS Rayleigh fading of the BS-UE link
hiu IRS-UE channel vector
hiuLoS Deterministic LoS components of the IRS-UE link
hiuNLoS Rayleigh fading of the IRS-UE link
Hbi BS-IRS channel matrix
HbiLoS Deterministic LoS components of the BS-IRS link
H¯biLoS Imperfect estimation of the LoS components of the BS-IRS link
K Phase shift levels
L GA population size
M Number of elements at the IRS
Mh Number of elements in the horizontal level at the IRS
Mv Number of elements in the vertical level at the IRS
n Additive white Gaussian noise at the UE
N Number of antennas at the BS
Nit Number of iterations at the GA
Nf Number of elements selected by the elitism process
pc Crossover probability
pmut Mutation probability
Pt Transmit power at the BS
R Achievable rate at the UE
s Transmitted data
T Set of all possible discrete phases at the IRS
Ttourn Number of elements selected to compete in a tournament.
w Beamforming vector at the BS
w¯ Beamforming vector at the BS considering only S-CSI
(xb,yb) BS position
(xi,yi) IRS position
(xu,yu) UE position
y Received signal at the IRS