Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| First Author | Study Design | Country | Covid Patients Included, No | Age (Years) | Sex (% Female) | Follow-Up Length | Follow-Up Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bellan et al. [27] | Ambidirectional study, single center | Italy | 238 | Median (IQR): 61 (50–71) | 96 (40.3%) | 3–4 months after discharge | Telephone interview and outpatient visit |
| Blanco et al. [28] | Longitudinal, prospective study, multicenter | Spain | 100 | >50 years: 69 (69%) | 36 (36%) | Median (IQR): 104 (89.25–126.75) after onset | Outpatient visit |
| Eloy et al. [29] | Longitudinal, prospective study, multicenter | France | 324 | Median (IQR): 61 (52–69) | 119 (37%) | 6 months after discharge | Outpatient visit |
| Fernández-de-Las-Peñas et al. [30] | Ambidirectional study, multicenter | Spain | 1142 | Mean (SD): 61 + 17 | 548 (48%) | 7 months after discharge | Telephone interview |
| García-Abellán et al. [31] | Longitudinal, prospective study, single center | Spain | 146 | Median (IQR): 64 (54–76) | 58 (40%) | 6 months after discharge | Outpatient visit |
| Ghosn et al. [32] | Longitudinal, prospective study, multicenter | France | 1137 | Median (IQR): 61 (51–71) | 424 (37%) | 6 months after admission | Outpatient visit |
| Huang et al. [33] | Ambidirectional study, single center | China | 1733 | Median (IQR): 57 (47–65) | 836 (48%) | Median (IQR): 186 (175–199) days after onset | Outpatient visit |
| Li et al. [34] | Longitudinal, prospective study, single center | China | 289 | Not available | Not available | From 90 to 150 days after onset | Outpatient visit |
| Liang et al. [35] | Ambidirectional study, single center | China | 76 | Mean (SD): 41.3 ± 13.8 | 55 (72%) | 3 months after discharge | Outpatient visit |
| Meije et al. [36] | Ambidirectional study, single center | Spain | 302 | Mean (SD): 68.8 (12.7) | 131 (43%) | 7 months after discharge | Telephone interview |
| Munblit et al. [37] | Ambidirectional study, multicenter | Russia | 2649 | Median (IQR): 56 (46–66) | 1353 (51.1%) | 6–8 months after discharge | Telephone interview |
| Romero-Duarte et al. [38] | Ambidirectional study, multicenter | Spain | 797 | Mean (SD): 63 (14.4) | 369 (46.3%) | 6 months after discharge | Outpatient visit and Telephone interview |
| Shang et al. [39] | Ambidirectional study, multicenter | China | 796 | Median (IQR): 62 (51–69) | 392 (49.2%) | 6 months after discharge | Telephone interview |
| Tarsitani et al. [40] | Ambidirectional study, single center | Italy | 115 | Median (IQR): 57 (48–66) | 67 (58%) | 3 months after discharge | Phone interview |
| Todt et al. [41] | Longitudinal, prospective study, single center | Brazil | 251 | Mean (SD): 53.6 (+14.9) | 101 (40.2%) | 3 months after discharge | Telephone interview |
| van den Borst et al. [42] | Ambidirectional study, single center | The Netherlands | 97 | Not available | 31 (32%) | Mean (SD): 13 (2.2) weeks after onset | Outpatient visit |
| Wu et al. [43] | Longitudinal, prospective study, single center | China | 83 | Median (IQR): 60 (52–66) | 36 (43%) | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after discharge | Outpatient visit |
| Xiong et al. [44] | Longitudinal, prospective, controlled study, single center | China | 538 | Median (IQR): 52 (41–62) | 293 (54.5%) | Median (IQR): 97 (95–102) days after discharge | Telephone interview |
| Zhang et al. [45] | Ambidirectional study, multicenter | China | 2433 | Median (IQR): 60 (49–68) | 1228 (50.5%) | 1 year after discharge | Telephone interview |
| Zhao et al. [46] | Ambidirectional study, multicenter | China | 94 | Mean 48.11 | 40 (42.55%) | 1 year after discharge | Outpatient visit |