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Proposed mechanism of G4/BER-mediated transcriptional activation. (A) Local ROS generates 8-OxoG in the G-rich regions of the promoter, (B) which is removed by OGG1 to form an AP site. (C) The AP site rearranges the DNA duplex into a G4 structure, and (D) a more stable G4 can be formed by involving the fifth G track and looping out the AP site. (E) APE1 can bind the AP site and recruit TFs.
