Table 5.
Kidney and liver functions of different groups at the end of treatment.
| Normal Control | Untreated Diabetes | Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) |
hUC-MSCs-sEVs (1 mg/kg) |
hUC-MSCs-sEVs (0.5 mg/kg) |
hUC-MSCs-sEVs (0.25 mg/kg) |
hUC-MSCs (2 million Cells) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney function | |||||||
| Na (mmol/L) | 137.83 ± 3.18 a | 120.8 ± 10.01 b | 164.63 ± 17.54 c | 133.32 ± 10.22 a,b | 126.7 ± 4.81 a,b | 122.15 ± 5.44 a,b | 142.65 ± 15.06 a |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.72 ± 0.38 a | 3.83 ± 0.15 b | 5.47 ± 0.841 c | 4.69 ± 0.55 a | 5.09 ± 0.51 a,c | 4.83 ± 0.30 a | 4.40 ± 0.52 a,b |
| Cl (mmol/L) | 110.13 ± 2.59 a | 89.15 ± 10.6 b | 127.97 ± 15.44 c | 104.36 ± 7.87 a,d | 95.77 ± 3.01 b,d,e | 91.5 ± 4.38 a,b | 106.7 ± 10.11 a,e |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 4.63 ± 0.91 a | 7.27 ± 1.21 b | 5.72 ± 0.89 a,b | 6.78 ± 2.22 b | 8.02 ± 1.77 b | 7.18 ± 1.52 b | 7.89 ± 1.93 b |
| Creat (µmol/L) | 40.64 ± 3.56 a | 42.49 ± 10.62 a | 144.58 ± 71.61 b | 45.03 ± 1.69 a | 47.60 ± 9.72 a | 49.71 ± 6.68 a | 61.03 ± 7.01 a |
| Liver function | |||||||
| TP (g/L) | 59.58 ± 12.77 a | 59.88 ± 26.89 a | 72.47 ± 28.44 a | 67.98 ± 23.86 a | 41.27 ± 3.66 a | 70.5 ± 34.89 a | 70.63 ± 17.33 a |
| ALB (g/L) | 27.16 ± 2.21 a | 26.90 ± 8.68 a | 32.02 ± 7.71 a | 26.84 ± 6.42 a | 22.08 ± 2.54 a | 24.58 ± 6.90 a | 36.03 ± 6.40 a |
| Glo (g/L) | 32.43 ± 11.56 a | 32.99 ± 24.11 a | 60.86 ± 1.92 a | 41.14 ± 19.25 a | 19.19 ± 5.59 a | 45.92 ± 33.84 a | 34.6 ± 17.90 a |
| ALB:Glo ratio | 0.93 ± 0.31 a | 1.02 ± 0.48 a | 0.46 ± 0.09 a | 0.75 ± 0.31 a | 1.24 ± 0.45 a | 0.80 ± 0.68 a | 1.33 ± 0.89 a |
| ALP (U/L) | 202.20 ± 80.59 a | 1094.88 ± 161.59 b | 628.43 ± 57.23 c | 1076.66 ± 429.57 b | 853.24 ± 193.20 b,c | 899.09 ± 222.73 b,c | 1008.46 ± 90.69 b |
| AST (U/L) | 158.90 ± 36.18 a | 123.85 ± 14.45 a | 203.91 ± 41.22 a | 186.98 ± 76.8 a | 167.51 ± 74.54 a | 126.79 ± 25.73 a | 146.31 ± 23.97 a |
| ALT (U/L) | 53.27 ± 9.50 a | 90.01 ± 13.15 b | 139.65 ± 31.71 c | 105.99 ± 24.72 b,c | 124.89 ± 40.83 c | 95.48 ± 22.70 b | 93.43 ± 27.68 b |
| DBil (µmol/L) | 0.35 ± 0.20 a | 2.33 ± 3.47 a | 1.44 ± 1.97 a | 9.34 ± 18.18 a | 3.99 ± 3.01 a | 2.24 ± 2.09 a | 7.96 ± 15.32 a |
| TBil (µmol/L) | 2.62 ± 1.33 a | 4.23 ± 4.30 a | 3.61 ± 3.04 a | 2.91 ± 1.68 a | 5.73 ± 5.02 a | 4.61 ± 3.79 a | 15.68 ± 27.75 a |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 4). a, b, c Different letters within the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc tests). Abbreviation: Na (sodium), K (potassium), Cl (chloride), Creat (creatinine), TP (total protein), ALB (albumin), Glo (globulin), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), DBil (direct bilirubin), TBil (total bilirubin).