Table 3.
Prevalence ratios 1 (95% CI) for CAC score by ECG risk score in 134,802 study participants.
| CAC Score | ECG Risk Score | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | ≥3 | ||
| CAC score = 0 | 1.00 (base) | 1.00 (base) | 1.00 (base) | 1.00 (base) | |
| CAC score > 0–100 | |||||
| Prevalent cases (%) | 8461 (9.8) | 4901(12.0) | 910 (15.1) | 197 (17.3) | |
| Age- and sex-adjusted PR 1 (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | 1.25 (1.15–1.35) | 1.42 (1.20–1.69) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate-adjusted PR 1 (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 1.19 (1.00–1.42) | <0.001 |
| CAC score > 100 | |||||
| Prevalent cases (%) | 1850 (2.1) | 1098 (2.7) | 339 (5.6) | 85 (7.5) | |
| Age- and sex-adjusted PR 1 (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.08 (1.00–1.18) | 1.73 (1.51–1.20) | 2.27 (1.74–2.95) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate-adjusted PR 1 (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 1.44 (1.25–1.66) | 1.75 (1.33–2.29) | <0.001 |
1 Estimated from multinomial logistic regressions, which used CAC scores as outcomes categorized as 0, >0–100, and >100. The multivariate-adjusted model was adjusted for age, sex, center, year of screening, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, education, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, family history of heart disease, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride level. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CI, confidence interval; ECG, electrocardiogram; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PR, prevalence ratio.