Table 2.
Outcomes in Intervention and Usual care groups.
| Intention-to-Treat Cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable a | All Patients N = 91 |
Intervention n = 45 |
Usual Care n = 46 |
| Readmission | 29 (31.9) | 14 (31.1) | 15 (32.6) |
| ED visit | 8 (8.8) | 4 (8.9) | 4 (8.7) |
| Readmission or ED visit | 34 (37.4) | 16 (35.6) | 18 (39.1) |
| Costs, USD | -- | 5542 ± 10,970 | 6657 ± 16,969 |
| Costs, USD | -- | 172 (127–5546) | 0 (0–5667) |
| Costs, Intervention:Usual Care ratio b (95%CI) | 0.33 (0.13–0.79) | ||
| Hypoglycemia | |||
| -Blood glucose <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) | -- | 5 (11) | -- |
| -Blood glucose <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) | -- | 2 (4) | -- |
| -Blood glucose <40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) | -- | 1 (2) | -- |
| Number of daily SMBG tests | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 1.8 ± 1.4 |
| Change in HbA1c at 3 months, % | −0.9 (−1.6–0.2) | −1.0 (−1.6–0.2) | −0.9 (−1.4–0.2) |
| Change in HbA1c at 3 months, mmol/mol | −10 (−18–2) | −11 (−18–2) | −10 (−15–2) |
| Subgroup with baseline HbA1c >7.0% | All Patients N = 69 |
Intervention n = 34 |
Usual Care n = 35 |
| Readmission | 19 (27.5) | 8 (23.5) | 11 (31.4) |
| ED visit | 7 (10.1) | 3 (8.8) | 4 (11.4) |
| Readmission or ED visit | 23 (33.3) | 9 (26.5) | 14 (40.0) |
| Costs, USD | -- | 3657 ± 8230 | 6967 ± 18,863 |
| Costs, USD | -- | 154 (126–1246) | 0 (0–5661) |
| Costs, Intervention:Usual Care ratio b (95%CI) | 0.21 (0.08–0.58) | ||
| Hypoglycemia | |||
| -Blood glucose <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) | -- | 5 (14.7) | -- |
| -Blood glucose <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) | -- | 2 (5.9) | -- |
| -Blood glucose <40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) | -- | 1 (2.9) | -- |
| Number of daily SMBG tests | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 1.5 |
| Change in HbA1c at 3 months, % | −1.0 (−2.2–0.0) | −1.1 (−2.2–0.0) | −0.9 (−2.3–0.1) |
| Change in HbA1c at 3 months, mmol/mol | −11 (−24–0) | −12 (−24–0) | −10 (−25–1) |
Values are mean ± SD, median (IQR), or n (%) unless otherwise stated. IQR, interquartile range; CI, confidence interval. a Within the 30 days after hospital discharge. b Costs of 30-day readmissions, ED visits, and the intervention. SMBG, self-monitored blood glucose.