Table 2.

Summary table of primary studies included in the systemic review.

First Author, Year, Country	Setting, Study Population	Study Design, Sample Selection	Study Quality	Sample Size	Age, Mean (SD) d or Range	BMI (kg/m2)	Men/Women
Gonzalez-Sanchez J, 2020 Spain [13]	Community men and women	Population-based, cross-sectional random sampling	Good	501	55.9 ± 14.2	26.5 ± 4.2	249/252
Nishiwaki M, 2020 Japan [14]	Community healthy men	Randomized trial, men	Fair	9	21.1 ± 0.2	22.9 ± 1.1	9/0
Hwang CL, 2020 USA [15]	Community healthy men and women	Cross-sectional study, population-based, consecutive	Good	49	23.3 ± 1	23.4 ± 0.7	25/24
Moon J, 2018 South Korea [16]	Community men and women	Cross-sectional study, population-based, consecutive	Fair	1004	53 ± 10	25 ± 3	721/283
Sluyter JD, 2017 New Zeland [32]	Community men and women	Cross sectional study, population-based; randomized	Good	4798	62.5 ± 7.8	30.1 ± 5.3	2778/2020
Fu S, 2017 China [33]	Community men and women	Cross-sectional population-based, cluster sampling	Good	2624	54 (18 to 96)	25.2 (23.0–27.4)	1358/1266
Nishiwaki M, 2017 Japan [34]	Community healthy men	Randomized trial, men	Fair	11	21.1 ± 0.2	21.5 ± 0.7	11/0
O’Neill D, 2017 UK [35]	Community men and women	Cohort Study, consecutive	Good	3869	65 ± 5.7	26.2 ± 4.2	2852/1017
Uemura H, 2015 Japan [36]	Community men	Cohort study prospective, consecutive	Good	647	48.8 ± 8.6	24.5 ± 3.4	647/0
Kim MK, 2014 South Korea [37]	Community, men and women	Cohort Study multistage cluster sampling	Good	5539	60.5 ± 10.1	24.0 ± 3.1	2121/3418
Sasaki S, 2013 Japan [38]	Community, men and women	Cross-sectional study, population-based, consecutive	Fair	3893	47.2 ± 7.0	22.7 ± 3.1	3081/812
Karatzi K, 2013 Greece [39]	Community healty men	Cross-over study, randomized; single–blind	Fair	17	28.4 ± 5.2	24.3 ± 2.4	17/0
Mitani S, 2012 Japan [40]	Healthy workers, men and women	Cohort Study, consecutive	Fair	528	47.9 ± 8.1	22.5 ± 2.9	270/258