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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The mechanism of deoxynivalenol (DON) metabolism. MAPKs = mitogen-activated protein kinases. The downward-facing triangle beside MAPK indicates its alteration/decline retards the processes controlling cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell growth.