mRNA	messenger ribonucleic acid
WHO	World Health Organization
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
DC	dendritic cell
TALENs	transcription activator-like effector nucleases
EP	electroporation
saRNA	self-amplifying mRNA
UTR	untranslated region
ORF	open reading frame
Poly (A)	polyadenylic acid
nsPs	nonstructural proteins
IVT mRNA	in vitro transcribed mRNA
TAA	tumor-associated antigen
TSA	tumor-specific antigen
APC	antigen-presenting cell
PAMPs	pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PRRs	pattern recognition receptors
TLRs	Toll-like receptors
RIG-I	retinoic acid-inducible gene-I
RLRs	retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors
hnRNPs	nuclear heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein
ZBP1	Z-DNA-binding protein 1
Th	helper T Cell
MHC	major histocompatibility complex
CTLs	cytotoxic T lymphocytes
CD	cluster of differentiation
AKP	alkaline phosphatase
eIF4E	eukaryotic initiation factor 4E
eIF4G	eukaryotic initiation factor 4G
PKR	double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase
Ψ	pseudouridine
m5C	5-methyl cytosine
m6A	6-methyl adenosine
m5U	5-methyl uracil
s2U	2-thiouracil
PABP	poly(A)-binding protein
LNPs	lipid nanoparticles
PEG	polyethylene glycol
DOPE	1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
DSPC	1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
NHPs	nonhuman primates
PEI	polyethyleneimine
CP 2k	cationic cyclodextrin-PEI 2k conjugate
PAMAM	polyamide amine
PLGA	poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)
GFP	green fluorescent protein
RNase	ribonuclease
LPNs	lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles
LLPs	lipid-like nanoparticles
DOTAP	1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane
iPSCs	induced pluripotent stem cells
CPPs	cell-penetrating peptides
WNT	wingless integrated
SD	spray drying
SFD	spray freeze drying
SEND	selective endogenous encapsidation
AuNP	gold nanoparticle
i.v.	intravenous injection
i.m.	intramuscular injection
i.h.	hypodermic injection
i.d.	intradermal injection
i.p.	intraperitoneal injection
i.t.	intratumoral injection
i.n.	nasal administration
eGFP	enhanced green fluorescent protein
Luc	luciferase
Fluc	firefly luciferase
hGLuc	humanized Gaussia luciferase
GM-CSF	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
IL-4	interleukin-4
DI-TMZ	dose-intensified temozolomide
CR	complete response
HCV	hepatitis C virus
HCC	hepatitis C cancer
GBM	glioblastoma multiforme
PD-1	programmed cell death protein 1
CTLA-4	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
NSCLC	non-small-cell lung cancer
HPV	human papillomavirus
PDL-1	programmed cell death ligand-1