Table 3.

Differentially expressed genes in response to GFNs treatment in plants.

Classification	Species and Tissue	Gene	Regulation	Treatment	Ref.
Root growth related	Apple (Malus domestica) root	Adventitious Rooting Related Oxygenase 1 (ARRO1), Transparent Testa Glabra 1 (TTG1), Auxin Response Factor 19 (ARF19)	Up for 0.1 mg/L GO Down for 1 and 10 mg/L GO		[64]
	Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv.) roots	SlExt1, Constitutive Triple Response 1 (LeCTR1)	Up	50 and 100 mg/L GO	[41]
	Maize (Zea mays) roots	BRN2	Up	50 mg/L GO	[61]
		NAC2, MYB93, Phytochrome-Interacting Factor 3 (PIF3)	Down
Transcriptional factors	Maize (Zea mays) roots	AP2-EREBP, MYB30 isoform X1, MYB6, MYB8, WRKY51, bHLH94, EMB1444, NAC32, Jungbrunnen 1 (JUB1), Wrinkled 1 (WRI1)	Up	50 mg/L GO	[47,61]
		WRKY45, MADS-box transcription factor 26, NAC7, ERF020	Down
	Pinus tabuliformis Carr. roots	MYB3, MYB2, MYB4, NAC22, bHLH148, Sin3A Associated Protein 18 (SAP18), Galactinol Synthase (GOLS), NF-X-Like 1 (NFX1)	Up	25 mg/L GO	[39]
Auxin related	Apple (Malus domestica) roots	PIN-FORMED 7 (PIN7), ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B (ABCB1), LAX3	Down	0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L GO	[64]
		LAX2	Up
	Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv.) roots	SlIAA3	Down	50 and 100 mg/L GO	[41]
	Brassica napus L. seedling	Auxin Response Factor 2, 8 (ARF2, ARF8), IAA2, IAA3	Up	25 and 50 mg/L GO	[57,58,59]
		IAA4, IAA7	Up for 25 mg/L GO Down for 50 mg/L GO
	Maize (Zea mays) roots	IAA9, ABP20 precursor, ABP20	Up	50 mg/L GO	[47,61]
		Auxin Response Factor 11 (ARF11), PIN5c, NAC71, IAA24	Down
	Tobacco (Solanum lycopersicum cv.) roots	IAA3, IAA4, IAA7, Auxin Response Factor 2, 8 (ARF2, ARF8)	Up	20 mg/L	[63]
Cytokinin related	Apple (Malus domestica) roots	ARR3	Down	0.1 mg/L	[64]
	Brassica napus L. seedling	Cytokinin dehydrogenase 1, 7 (CKX1, CKX7), tRNA isopentenyltransferase 2, 3, 5, 7 (IPT2, IPT3, IPT5, IPT7)	Up	25 mg/L GO	[57,58]
		Cytokinin dehydrogenase 5, 6 (CKX5, CKX6)	Down
	Maize (Zea mays) roots	Cytokinin Oxidase1, Cytokinin-N-glucosyltransferase 1, cytokinin-O-glucosyltransferase 2	Up	50 mg/L GO	[47]
GA related	Brassica napus L. seedling	SPINDLY (SPY), RGA, GAMYB, GA3, GA5	Up	25 mg/L GO	[57,58]
	Maize (Zea mays) roots	Gibberellin 20 oxidase 2, gibberellin receptor GID1L2, gibberellin responsive 1	Up	50 mg/L GO	[47]
		Chitin-Inducible Gibberellin-Responsive Protein 2 (CIGR2), MYBAS2	Down		[61]
ABA related	Pinus tabuliformis Carr. root	Pyrabactin Resistance 1-Like 2, 3, 4 (PYL2, PYL3, PYL4)	Down	25 mg/L GO	[39]
	Brassica napus L. seedling	9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), Zeaxanthin Epoxidase (ZEP), Abscisic acid Aldehyde Oxidase (AAO)	Up	25 and 50 mg/L GO	[57,58,59]
	Maize (Zea mays) roots	NAC2, WRKY24	Down	50 mg/L GO	[61]
BR related	Brassica napus L. seedling	Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1-Associated Receptor Kinase 1 (BAK1)	Up	25 mg/L GO	[57,58]
		Steroid 5-alpha-Reductase (DET2), CPD	Down
SA related	Brassica napus L. seedling	Cam-Binding Protein 60-like G (CBP60), Systemic Acquired Resistance-Deficient 1 (SARD1)	Up	25 mg/L GO	[57,58]
		Isochorismate Synthase 1 (ICS)	Down
JA related	Maize (Zea mays) roots	TIFY10b, WRKY50	Down	50 mg/L GO	[61]
Ethylene related	Brassica napus L. seedling	1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic acid Synthase 2 (ACS2)	Up	25 mg/L GO	[57,58]
	Maize (Zea mays) roots	Ethylene-Responsive Transcription Factor 2, 14, 34, 8, 12 (ERF2, ERF14, ERF34, ERF8, ERF12)	Down	50 mg/L GO	[61]
Nitrogen and potassium metabolism	Maize (Zea mays) roots	GLN6, nrt2, nrt2.2, Potassium transporter 20, 21 (HAK20, HAK21), kup1	Up	50 mg/L GO	[47]
Stress related	Pinus tabuliformis Carr. root	Pyrroline-5-carboxylate Reductase (P5CR), Small Auxin Up-regulated RNA 41 (SAUR41)	Up	25 mg/L GO	[39]
		Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3)	Down
Reaction center core proteins	Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf	psaA, psaB, psbD	Up	50, 250, and 500 mg/L GO	[50]
		psbA		50 and 250 mg/L GO