Table 1.

Known S. schenckii virulence factors.

S. schenckii Virulence Factors		Function	References
Cell wall proteins	Gp70	Adhesin that binds to fibronectin, laminin, and type II collagen Immunodominant antigen	[27,30,31,33,88]
	Hsp60	Adhesin that binds to laminin, elastin, fibrinogen, and fibronectin	[40]
	Pap1	Adhesin that binds to laminin, elastin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and type I and II collagen	[40]
Kinases and heat shock proteins in dimorphism and thermotolerance	SSCMK1	Morphological switching and thermotolerance	[49,51]
	Hsp90	Response to heat shock and proteotoxic stress Thermotolerance	[49]
	DRK1	Morphological switching and thermotolerance	[57,59]
Extracellular and intracellular proteinases		Degradation of skin constituents and cleaving of antibodies	[60,61,62]
Melanin		Protection against environmental stresses and phagocytosis Neutralization of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide Resistance to antifungals	[67,69,70,72,73]
Extracellular vesicles		Transportation of molecules involved in pathogenesis	[77,78]
Lipids		Protection against the immune response and phagocytosis	[30]
Biofilm		Resistance to antifungals	[79,85,87,89]